Control of body temperature and water balance

Question 1

What are the 4 ways heat is gained or lost?

Answer 1

1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
4. Evaporation

Question 2

What is conduction?

Answer 2

the transfer of heat by direct contact

Question 3

What is convection?

Answer 3

the transfer of heat by movement of air or liquid past a surface

Question 4

What is radiation?

Answer 4

the absorption of emmission of electromagnetic waves

Question 5

What is evaporation?

Answer 5

the loss of heat from the surface of a liquid that is losing some of its molecules as a gas

Question 6

What is a kleptotherm?

Answer 6

one animal share the heat of another

Question 7

What is a Poikilotherm?

Answer 7

organism whose body temp varies as a result of the change in environmental temp without any effort to regulate

Question 8

What are some examples of metabolic heat production?

Answer 8

vigorous exercise and shivering

Question 9

What are a few examples of insulation for organisms?

Answer 9

hair, feathers, fat

Question 10

What are the 3 adaptations that balance heat gain and loss?

Answer 10

1. metabolic heat production
2. insulation
3. circulatory system adaptations
   -counter current heat exchange
   -changes in blood flow to/from skin

Question 11

What are the main 3 forms of nitrogenous waste in animals?

Answer 11

1. ammonia
2. urea
3. uric acid

Question 12

Ammonia

Answer 12

-relatively toxic
-requires a lot of water for excretion
-waste from most fish and aquatic animals
-excreted via gills and skin surafces

Question 13

Urea

Answer 13

-less toxic than ammonia
-allows for conservation of water but must be excreted with water
-requires drinking of H2O
-occurs in mammals, sharks, adult amphibians

Question 14

Uric Acid

Answer 14

-non toxic
-allows for maximum water conservation
-excreted as semi-solid paste by birds, reptiles, and insects

Question 15

How do land animals lose water?

Answer 15

evaporation and waste disposal

Question 16

How do land animals conserve water?

Answer 16

reproductive and behavioral adaptations, waterproof skin and efficient kidneys

Question 17

What is the equation of aerobic respiration?

Answer 17

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 —–> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Question 18

Hypotonic

Answer 18

-water diffuses into the cell
-freshwater fish gain water by osmosis

Question 19

Hypertonic

Answer 19

-water diffuses out of the cell
-saltwater fish lose water by osmosis

Question 20

Isotonic

Answer 20

no net gain or loss of water

Question 21

What does osmoregulation mean?

Answer 21

the homeostatic control and balance of the uptake and loss of water, solutes, and other ions

Question 22

What is an osmoconformer?

Answer 22

keep their internal fluids isotonic to the environment

Question 23

What is an osmoregulator?

Answer 23

animals with body fluids having solute concentrations that greatly differ from their environment

Question 24

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 24

produce urine

Question 25

What is the function of the renal artery and vein?

Answer 25

transport blood to and from the kidneys

Question 26

What is the function of the ureter?

Answer 26

conducts urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 27

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Answer 27

store urine until voided from the body

Question 28

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 28

conducts urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Question 29

What are the 2 major functions of the urinary system?

Answer 29

1. form and excrete urine
2. regulate water and solute content in body fluids

Question 30

What are the 4 key processes of the urinary system?

Answer 30

1. filtration
2. reabsorption
3. secretion
4. excretion

Question 31

Filtration

Answer 31

-done at bowman”s capsule
-water and small molecules are filtered out
-proteins and cells are retained

Question 32

Reabsorption

Answer 32

-reclaims valuable solutes and returns them to the bloodstream

Question 33

Secretion

Answer 33

-includes harmful compounds not filtered into the glomerulus
-creatinine, histamine, penicillin

Question 34

Excretion

Answer 34

-from kidneys via ureter, bladder, and urethra

Question 35

What is Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Answer 35

a hormone that regulates the amount of water excreted by the kidneys

Question 36

What is aldosterone?

Answer 36

is a steroid hormone released by the adrenal gland

Question 37

What is atrial natriuretic hormone?

Answer 37

secreted by the atria of the heart when cardiac cells are stretched due to the increased blood volume