Vertebral foramen

Question 1

What is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/vertebral column?

Answer 1

cervical - triangular; thoracic - oval; lumbar - triangular; sacrum - triangular

Question 2

at what vertebral level will the spinal cord typically terminate?

Answer 2

L1

Question 3

at what vertebral level will the dural sac typically terminate?

Answer 3

S2

Question 4

What are the segmental arteries of the cervical spine?

Answer 4

vertebral artery, ascending cervical artery and deep cervical artery

Question 5

what are the segmental arteries of the thoracic spine?

Answer 5

deep cervical artery, superior intercostal artery, posterior intercostal artery and subcostal artery

Question 6

What are the segmental arteries of the lumbar spine?

Answer 6

lumbar arteries, iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery and median sacral artery

Question 7

What are the segmental arteries of the fifth lumbar vertebra?

Answer 7

iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery and median sacral artery

Question 8

what are the segmental arteries of the sacrum

Answer 8

iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery and median sacral artery

Question 9

what segmental levels are supplied by the vertebral artery?

Answer 9

C1-C6

Question 10

What segmental levels are supplied by the ascending cervical artery?

Answer 10

C1-C6

Question 11

What segmental levels are supplied by the deep cervical artery?

Answer 11

C7-T1

Question 12

What segmental levels are supplied by the superior intercostal artery?

Answer 12

T1, T2

Question 13

What segmental levels are supplied by the posterior intercostal artery?

Answer 13

T3-T11

Question 14

What segmental level is supplied by the subcostal artery?

Answer 14

T12

Question 15

What segmental levels are supplied by the lumbar arteries?

Answer 15

L1-L4

Question 16

What segmental levels are supplied by the median sacral artery?

Answer 16

L5, S1-S5 and coccyx

Question 17

What segmental levels are supplied by the iliolumbar artery?

Answer 17

L5, S1-S5 and coccyx

Question 18

Which vertebra has the greatest number of segmental arteries associated with it?

Answer 18

L5

Question 19

What are the segmental arteries for L5?

Answer 19

iliolumbar artery, median sacral artery and lateral sacral artery

Question 20

what branch of the segmental artery supplies the vertebra and the paravertebral region?

Answer 20

dorsospinal artery

Question 21

which artery is primarily observed in the distal part of the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 21

spinal artery

Question 22

Which branch of the dorsospinal artery will penetrate the meninges to enter subarachnoid space?

Answer 22

spinal artery

Question 23

what are the branches of the spinal artery?

Answer 23

osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery, anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery

Question 24

which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the epidural space?

Answer 24

osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery

Question 25

what arteries are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 25

anterior spinal canal artery and plexus

Question 26

what arteries are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?

Answer 26

posterior spinal canal artery and plexus

Question 27

which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the subarachnoid space?

Answer 27

anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery

Question 28

which vessel will supply the ventral/anterior nerve rootlet and nerve root?

Answer 28

anterior radicular artery

Question 29

which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve rootlets, nerve root and nerve root ganglion?

Answer 29

posterior radicular artery

Question 30

what is the location and number of medullary feeder arteries present in the adult?

Answer 30

9 anterior and 12 posterior medullary feeder arteries

Question 31

what is the name given to the artery that lies in front of the spinal cord along its length?

Answer 31

anterior spinal artery

Question 32

the anterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?

Answer 32

vertebral artery

Question 33

Is the anterior spinal artery/posterior spinal artery a single, continuous artery along the spinal cord?

Answer 33

no

Question 34

as the anterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

Answer 34

anterior medullary feeder arteries

Question 35

the posterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?

Answer 35

the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 36

what is the position of the posterior spinal artery relative to the spinal cord?

Answer 36

it lies in the posterolateral sulcus along the spinal cord

Question 37

as the posterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

Answer 37

posterior medullary feeder arteries

Question 38

what forms the arterial vasa corona above C3?

Answer 38

right and left anterior spinal arteries, right and left posterior spinal arteries and 4 communicating arteries

Question 39

what forms the arterial vasa corona below C6?

Answer 39

median anterior spinal artery, right and left posterior spinal arteries and 3 communicating arteries

Question 40

what is the generic name given to arteries that penetrate the spinal cord?

Answer 40

intramedullary arteries

Question 41

what are the intramedullary branches of the arterial vasa corona?

Answer 41

pial perforating arteries, central/ventral/sulcal perforating arteries

Question 42

what arterial vasa corona branches supply gray matter and most of the spinal cord?

Answer 42

ventral/central/sulcal perforating arteries

Question 43

what intramedullary branches supply about one third of the spinal cord?

Answer 43

pil perforating arteries

Question 44

what is the source for pial perforating arteries?

Answer 44

pial plexus

Question 45

what is the primary artery supplementing the arterial vasa corona?

Answer 45

anterior medullary feeders and posterior medullary feeders

Question 46

what vessels drain the spinal cord?

Answer 46

pial veins

Question 47

what will pial veins drain into?

Answer 47

venous vasa corona

Question 48

which vessels form the venous vasa corona?

Answer 48

right and left anterior longitudinal veins, right and left posterior longitudinal veins and 4 communicating veins

Question 49

which vessels will drain the venous vasa corona?

Answer 49

anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins

Question 50

what vessel will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve ganglion?

Answer 50

posterior radicular veins

Question 51

what veins are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 51

anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral vein

Question 52

what veins are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?

Answer 52

posterior internal vertebral venous plexus

Question 53

what venous vessels are identified in the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 53

intervertebral veins

Question 54

identify the meninges of the spinal cord (spinal medulla or medulla spinalis)

Answer 54

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 55

what is the name given to the fluid within the epidural space?

Answer 55

interstitial fluid

Question 56

which meningeal space is now thought to be a potential space, not an actual space?

Answer 56

subdural space - between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

Question 57

which of the contents of the epidural space are more likely located near or around the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 57

anterior spinal canal artery and plexus, anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral vein, recurrent meningeal/sinu-verterbral/sinus vertebral nerve, hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligament

Question 58

what is the name given to the fluid present within the subdural space?

Answer 58

serous fluid

Question 59

what is the name given to the fluid with the subarachnoid space?

Answer 59

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 60

what is the name given to the lateral extension of the pia mater along the spinal cord?

Answer 60

dentate (denticulate) ligament

Question 61

what is the unique feature of veins along the spinal canal?

Answer 61

they lack the bicuspid valve of typical veins