cells, matrix, ossification, bone density, bone variation Flashcards
what are the four basic tissues of the human body?
epithelial, muscle, neural and connective tissues
what is the function of each type of bone cell?
osteoblast - form bones; osteocyte - maintain or nurture bone; osteoclast - remodel bone
what is the primary constituent of the ground substance?
glycosaminoglycans
what is the principal type of protein fiber in bone?
collagen type I
what is the most frequently described deposit in bone?
hydroxyapatite
what is Wolff’s law as it pertains to bone?
living tissue will respond to stressors; bone is formed or absorbed in response to stress
what are the three responses of bone that allow it to be described as “living”?
it has the ability to heal, to remodel under stressors and to age
what is bone the embryological derivative of?
mesenchyme or cartilage
what is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?
intramembranous ossification
what is the timing for the appearance of intramembranous ossification?
from the second to third month in utero
what is the timing for the appearance of ossification in cartilage?
from the second to fifth month in utero
what part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification?
chondrocranium
which bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?
clavicle
what are the primary sources of variation observed in bone?
sexual dimorphism (gender variation), ontogenetic variation (growth or age variation), geographic or population-based variation (ethnic variation) and idiosyncratic variation (individual variation)
