cervical region Flashcards
what is the number of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine?
seven segments
which vertebrae are typical cervicals?
C3-C6
which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?
C1, C2, C7
what is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?
rectangular
what is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?
posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters
what would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?
posterior or kyphotic
what accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?
intervertebral disc height
what is the direction of the typical cervical curve?
anterior or lordotic
at which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?
C5/C6
what is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body?
it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body
what are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes
what are the names of the lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim?
uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip
at what developmental age will the uncinate process first be observed?
3rd-4th fetal month
what are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves
what are the names given to the lateral modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim?
lateral groove or enchancrure
what is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior groove articulation/
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
what is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation/
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
what is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?
modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)
what is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
how many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?
five
how many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?
ten
what is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?
joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint
what does the recent literature suggest as to the nature of the joint of Luschka?
the joint is representative of intervertebral disc aging, which results in loss of lamellar integrity near the joint
what is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?
it appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion - extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine
what muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?
longus colli muscle
what is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical?
posterolateral, 45 degrees
at what location on the vertebral body of a typical cervical will the pedicle attach?
to the side and in the center of the vertebral body
the greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at___?
C6
the greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?
C5/C6
list, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body
costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process
what muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?
anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii
what muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?
splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransversarii
what muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?
middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii
what is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?
sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
what is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?
60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)
what is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?
the carotid tubercle
what will cause remodeling of the anterior tubercle at C6?
common carotid artery
what will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?
vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers