cervical region Flashcards

1
Q

what is the number of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine?

A

seven segments

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2
Q

which vertebrae are typical cervicals?

A

C3-C6

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3
Q

which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?

A

C1, C2, C7

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4
Q

what is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?

A

rectangular

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5
Q

what is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

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6
Q

what would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?

A

posterior or kyphotic

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7
Q

what accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

intervertebral disc height

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8
Q

what is the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

anterior or lordotic

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9
Q

at which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

A

C5/C6

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10
Q

what is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body?

A

it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body

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11
Q

what are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes

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12
Q

what are the names of the lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim?

A

uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip

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13
Q

at what developmental age will the uncinate process first be observed?

A

3rd-4th fetal month

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14
Q

what are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

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15
Q

what are the names given to the lateral modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim?

A

lateral groove or enchancrure

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16
Q

what is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior groove articulation/

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

17
Q

what is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation/

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

18
Q

what is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

19
Q

what is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

A

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

20
Q

how many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

five

21
Q

how many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

ten

22
Q

what is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

23
Q

what does the recent literature suggest as to the nature of the joint of Luschka?

A

the joint is representative of intervertebral disc aging, which results in loss of lamellar integrity near the joint

24
Q

what is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?

A

it appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion - extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

25
Q

what muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

A

longus colli muscle

26
Q

what is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical?

A

posterolateral, 45 degrees

27
Q

at what location on the vertebral body of a typical cervical will the pedicle attach?

A

to the side and in the center of the vertebral body

28
Q

the greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at___?

A

C6

29
Q

the greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

A

C5/C6

30
Q

list, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body

A

costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

31
Q

what muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii

32
Q

what muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransversarii

33
Q

what muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

A

middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii

34
Q

what is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?

A

sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

35
Q

what is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?

A

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)

36
Q

what is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

the carotid tubercle

37
Q

what will cause remodeling of the anterior tubercle at C6?

A

common carotid artery

38
Q

what will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers