Vertebral Exam Flashcards
How many articulations are there on each Vertebra
5
What are Cartilaginous Joints
Made from Fibrocartilage and Designed for Weight Bearing.
Also known as Symphysis joints
What are Articular surfaces covered by and what do they connect to?
Hyaline cartilage.
Connects to the fibrocartilage of the Intervertebral Disc.
What type of joints are the Superior and Inferior Articular Processes?
Synovial Joint.
What are Intervertebral Discs made of?
What’s the anatomy of The Disc?
Fibrocartilidge.
Annulus Fibrosus.
Nucleus Pulposus.
What do the Anterior and Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments do?
Anterior is thick and prevents hyperextension.
Posterior is weaker and prevents hyper flexion.
What does the Ligamentum Flavum do?
Extends from lamina to lamina.
What does the Interspinous and Supraspinous ligaments attach to?
They attach the Spinous Processes together.
Interspinous connects the Processes.
Supraspinous connects the Tips.
What’s different about the Interspinous and Supraspinous ligaments within the cervical Spine?
They are thicker and form the Nuchal ligament.
What do the intertransverse ligaments do?
Extend between the transverse Processes.
What is the iliolumbar ligament?
Stretches between the L5-S1 Joint and attaches from the transverse Process of L5 - ilia of pelvis.
What are the three regions of the stress strain curve?
Toe Region.
Linear Region.
Yield and Failure Region.
Describe the Toe Region of the SSC:
- Begging phase that un crimples the tendon fibrils.
- Occurs due to 2% of strain.
Describe the Linear Region of the SSC:
- Upper limit of the tendon strain where collagen fibrils begin to stretch.
- Less that 4% of strain will allow tendon to return to original state.
This portion of elastic is reversible.
Describe the Yield and Failure Region:
- Stretches beyond physiological limit and fibres begin to fail.
- If failure continues it causes irreversible plastic deformation.
- Stretching beyond 8-10% causes macroscopic failure to soon occur.
What does Viscoelasticity mean?
How tendons react to strain.
Name all 3 types of viscoelasticity tendons:
- Creep.
- Stress Relaxation.
- Hysteresis or Energy Dissipation.
Explain the Creep phase of how a tendon reacts:
Indicates increasing deformation once constant load is applied.
Explain the Stress Relaxtion phase of how a tendon reacts:
Indicates stress acting upon a tendon will eventually reduce under a constant deformation.
Explain the Energy Dissipation phase of how a tendon reacts:
- The loading and unloading of stress causes different results after each rep.
- The difference in curvature represents the amount of energy lost during the load.
- After about 10 cycles the curve no longer changes and the amount of hysteresis is reduced allowing the S-SC to become reproducible.
How many grades are categorised in a Ligament Sprain?
3 Grades.
What does a Grade 1 Sprain consist of?
- Mild stretching of ligamentous tissue.
- No discontinuity of the ligament or clinical signs of excess laxity.
What does a Grade 2 Sprain consist of?
- Moderate stretching of ligament with some torn fibres.
- Enough are intact so the ligament has not failed.
- Abnormal joint laxity compared to uninsured side.
What does a Grade 3 Sprain consist of?
- Severe tearing.
- Nearly complete or complete ligament disruption with significant joint laxity.
