Vertebral Column, Spondylosis, lysis and listhesis etc..

Question 1

What is the inferior articular facet orientation of C3-C6?

Answer 1

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

Question 2

What is the superior articular facet orientation of C7?

Answer 2

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Question 3

Superior articular facets of which vertebrae will be oriented backward, upward, and medial?

Answer 3

C1, C3-C7, L1-L5, S1

Question 4

Superior articular facets of which segments will be oriented backward, upward, and lateral?

Answer 4

C2, T1-T12

Question 5

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented backward, medial, and downward?

Answer 5

C1

Question 6

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented forward, lateral, and downward?

Answer 6

C2-C6, T12, L1-L5

Question 7

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented forward, medial, and downward?

Answer 7

C7, T1-T11

Question 8

Which segment has the only inferior articular facet to face backward?

Answer 8

C1

Question 9

What is the definition of spondylosis?

Answer 9

a vertebral condition

Question 10

What is the definition of spondylolysis?

Answer 10

a vertebral separation or vertebral cleavage

Question 11

What is the definition of spondylolisthesis?

Answer 11

a vertebral slippage

Question 12

What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in Spinal II?

Answer 12

a separation along the pars interarticularis (defect in the pars interarticularis or pars defect)

Question 13

What is the superior articular facet orientation of C3-C6?

Answer 13

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Question 14

What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?

Answer 14

a range of 2.6% to 10%

Question 15

What is the geographic or ethnic bias for a higher incidence of spondylolysis?

Answer 15

the native Alaskin (inuit) population

Question 16

What does lumbar spondylolysis appear to be related to?

Answer 16

the uniquely human upright stance or erect posture

Question 17

Lumbar spondylolysis is associated with what characteristics?

Answer 17

familial association, spina bifida occulta, racial/ethnic disparities, gender and locational bias, youthful incidence and activities requiring stress on the spine

Question 18

What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 18

10-20 years old

Question 19

What activities are particularly stressful at the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 19

gymnastics, dance, soccer

Question 20

What fills the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 20

fibrocartilagenous material

Question 21

What name has been given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 21

spondylolysis ligament

Question 22

What types of neural functions have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?

Answer 22

nociception, neuromodulation and autonomic function

Question 23

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 23

a Scotty dog

Question 24

What is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 24

a collared Scotty dog

Question 25

In an oblique x-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of a lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?

Answer 25

the neck of the Scotty dog

Question 26

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?

Answer 26

the pedicle

Question 27

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of a Scotty dog?

Answer 27

the superior articular process

Question 28

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the nose of a Scotty dog?

Answer 28

the transverse process

Question 29

What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

Answer 29

rare, congenital, gender biased toward men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

Question 30

What characteristics are associated with sacral spondylolysis?

Answer 30

rare in the general population, within typical percents of the native Alaskan (inuit) population, seems to be acquired, gender biased toward men, most common at S1 and linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning

Question 31

Identify all names given to type 1 spondylolisthesis?

Answer 31

dysplastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis

Question 32

What is the locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 32

L5 or upper sacral segments

Question 33

What additional conditions are linked to type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 33

spina bifida occulta and nerve root compression of the S1 nerve

Question 34

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 34

isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

Question 35

What is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal dimension changes often associated with type III spondylolisthesis?

Answer 35

degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly at L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

Question 36

What causes type IV spondylolisthesis?

Answer 36

fracture of the neural arch components

Question 37

What are the causes associated with type V spondylolisthesis?

Answer 37

bone diseases such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta