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Spinal Exam 2 > Sacrum and Coccyx > Flashcards

Sacrum and Coccyx Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the sacral ala is derived from the true transverse process?

A

the posterior third

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2
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are present on the S1?

A

four

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3
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of the first sacral segment?

A

five

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4
Q

How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint surfaces are present on the S1 vertebral body?

A

one

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5
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are present on the S1 vertebral body?

A

four

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6
Q

What muscles may attach to the first sacral vertebral body?

A

psoas major

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7
Q

What is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in adults?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1

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8
Q

What is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

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9
Q

What is the name given to the projection on the first sacral superior articular process?

A

mammillary process

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10
Q

What muscles will attach to the sacral mammillary processes?

A

multifidis

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11
Q

What is the usual condition for the first sacral spinous process?

A

it is non-bifid and short

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12
Q

An imaginary line drawn along the dorsal midline of sacrum is identified as the___.

A

median sacral crest

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13
Q

What is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated, the sacrum exhibits spina bifida, and dorsiflexion produces pain?

A

Knife Clasp Syndrome

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14
Q

An imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will form what feature?

A

intermediate sacral crest

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15
Q

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

A

the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5

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16
Q

What does the sacral cornu represent?

A

the inferior articular process and facet of S5

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17
Q

What is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal?

A

the sacral hiatus

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18
Q

An imaginary line drawn from the transverse process of S1 to the inferior lateral sacral angle will form what feature?

A

the lateral sacral crest

19
Q

What is the sacral tuberosity?

A

the enlarged transverse tubercle of S2

20
Q

What is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?

A

the accessory sacro-iliac joint

21
Q

What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?

A

auricular surface

22
Q

What feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form?

A

the sacral promontory

23
Q

The continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament below S3 forms what ligament?

A

the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

24
Q

What forms the posterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

A

sacral cornu, coccygeal cornu, superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament and intercornual ligament

25
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

A

vertebral body S5, vertebral body Co1, deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament and intervertebral disc

26
Q

What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?

A

the union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

27
Q

What ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

A

sacrospinous ligament

28
Q

Which ligament has a broad attachment along the lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx and then attaches to the ischial tuberosity?

A

sacrotuberous ligament

29
Q

What part of the sacral ala is derived from the costal element?

A

the anterior two-thirds

30
Q

Which ligament is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments and is penetrated by dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves?

A

interosseous sacro-iliac ligament

31
Q

What is the homolog for the inferior articular process and facet at S5?

A

sacral cornu

32
Q

What is the homolog for the superior articular process and facet at Co1?

A

coccygeal cornu

33
Q

What is the homolog for the capsular ligament at S5?

A

intercornual ligament

34
Q

What is the number of coccygeal somites?

A

ten

35
Q

What is the typical number of segments that unite to form the adult coccyx?

A

4 segments

36
Q

When is ossification of coccyx completed?

A

about age 30

37
Q

What is the direction of fusion of coccygeal segments?

A

from caudal to cranial, the last segments to fuse together are Co1 and Co2

38
Q

What is the direction of the coccygeal curve?

A

posterior (kyphotic)

39
Q

What is the major motion and range of motion for coccyx?

A

flexion - extension, 5-20 degrees

40
Q

How many coccygeal nerves are present in the fetus?

A

typically 5 pairs of coccygeal nerves are present

41
Q

What forms the coccygeal nerve plexus?

A

S4, S5 and Co1 nerves

42
Q

What is the ganglion impar?

A

a midline sympathetic ganglion

43
Q

What is the coccygeal glomus or coccygeal body?

A

an enlarged encapsulated arteriovenous anastomosis located near the last segment of coccyx

Spinal Exam 2 (17 decks)

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