Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Vertebral Column, Meninges, & Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Vertebral Column, Meninges, & Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superficial back muscle group called?

A

Axio-Appendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the intermediate back muscle group called?

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the deep back muscle group called?

A

Intrinsic Back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the axial skeleton

A

bones of the cranium, vertebral column, sternum and ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton

A

pectoral girdle, upper extremity, pelvic girdle, lower extremity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the vertebral column begin and end?

A

begins = foramen magnum
ends= tip of coccyx
75 cm in length (2x length of spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many vertebrae are in each section of the vertebral column?

A 
Cervical = 7
Thoracic = 12
Lumbar = 5
Sacral = 5 (fused)
Coccygeal = 3-5 fused
(32-34 total)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four curvatures of the spine?

A

Lordosis “concave” = cervical and lumbar

Kyphosis “convex” = thoracic and sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is lateral curvature of the vertebral column called?

A

scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the intervertebral disc impact the intervertebral foramen in thoracic/lumbar vs cervical regions?

A

In thoracic/lumbar regions, the intervertebral disc makes up half of the intervertebral foramen (inferior portion)
In cervical vertebrae, the intervertebral disc spans the whole intervertebral foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do spinal nerves C1-C7 exit in C1-C7 vertebrae?

A

Spinal nerves in the cervical area exit the inferior portion of the intervertebral foramen above the corresponding cervical vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does spinal nerve C8 exit the vertebral column?

A

The superior portion of the IV foramen above T1 vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do spinal nerves T1- L5 exit in T1-L5 vertebrae?

A

These spinal nerves exit in the superior portion of the IV foramen below the corresponding vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do spinal nerves S1-S4 pass through vertebral column?

A

They pass via the anterior/posterior sacral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do spinal nerves S5 and Co1 pass through?

A

They pass via the sacral hiatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

A

L1-L2 (where it forms the conus medullaris)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

The nerve roots below L2 descend in the vertebral canal (like a horse tail) and exit at the corresponding vertebral level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What three unique components are on the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae?

A

Posterior tubercle, Groove for spinal nerve, and Anterior tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What movements do the transverse facet joints in cervical vertebrae allow?

A 
Permit flexion  and extension (some lateral flexion)
NO rotation (only C1 & C2)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What two things are unique about C7 vertebrae

A

1) . The transverse foramen are a lot smaller because vertebral artery DOES NOT pass through, only vertebral vein
2) . Spinous process is the longest and not bifid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What vertebra is most commonly fractured?

A

T 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What characteristic on C6 vertebra is so special?

A

The Carotid tubercle on the anterior surface of transverse process could compress carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What two parts of the thoracic vertebrae do the head of the ribs connect to?

A

there are two costal facets (superior and inferior) portions of adjacent vertebrae PLUS 1 on each transverse process where rib lays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What facet joints are the in thoracic region and what movement does it allow?

A

coronal facets

It permits rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is important about the shape of the L5 vertebra?

A

The back is switching from lordosis to kyphosis orientation so L5 is wedge-shaped to accommodate for that lumbosacral angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What direction are the lumbar facet joints and what movements do they allow?

A

sagittal

They allow for flexion/extension and Lateral flexion

27
Q

What parts of the pelvis does the sacrum make up?

A

The sacrum males up the roof and posterior wall of the pelvis

28
Q

What is the sacral promontory?

A

It is a landmark on the anterior side of the sacrum on the edge of the 1st sacral body that easily recognizes prominence of the roof of the pelvic cavity

29
Q

What spinal nerves pass through the sacral canal and exit the sacral foramina? Which rami exits anteriorly vs posteriorly?

A

S1-S4; The ventral rami (motor) exit the anterior foramina and the dorsal rami (sensory exit the posterior foramina

30
Q

What direction are the facet joints for cervical vertebrae?

A

Transverse

31
Q

What are three unique features of the cervical vertebrae?

A

1) . Bifid spinous processes
2) . Widest vertebral body
3) . Uncinate processes (superior side of body is concave)

32
Q

What is on C1 that holds the C2 dens in place?

A

Transverse ligament

33
Q

Where can you palpate C1?

A

Between mastoid and angle of mandible

34
Q

What are the two purposes of the dens?

A

C2

1) . axis of rotation for C1
2) . prevent displacement of C1 on C2

35
Q

What is special about C2?

A

It is the strongest cervical vertebrae

36
Q

What are two defining features of the thoracic vertebra?

A

Spinous processes are long and project downward

Costal facets

37
Q

What are two defining features of lumbar vertebrae?

A

1) . Fat/massive body that’s kidney shaped

2) . blunt/thick spinous processes

38
Q

What is the sacral canal?

A

It is the passageway for the cauda equina

39
Q

What are the five landmarks on the dorsal surface of sacrum?

A 
Lateral crest
Intermediate crest
Median crest
Intermediate crest
Lateral crest
40
Q

What is the coccyx apex an attachment for?

A

the anococcygeal ligament

41
Q

How much of the vertebral column height do the IV discs make up? %

A

25%

42
Q

What portion of the intervertebral foramen does the IV disc make up?

A

The anterior, inferior portion

43
Q

Describe the anulus fibrosis

A

Concentric fibrogelantinous rings
Thinner posteriorly
may be incomplete in cervical

44
Q

Describe the nucleus pulposus

A

Fibrogelatinous (mostly water)
avascular
shock absorbing

45
Q

What are the two longitudinal ligaments?

A

Anterior and posterior

46
Q

Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament extend from and what movement does it limit?

A

It extends from sacrum to foramen magnum (covers anterior bodies and IV discs)
limits extension

47
Q

Where does the posterior longitudinal ligament extend from and what movement does it limit?

A

Extends from sacrum to C2 (within vertebral canal; anterior to spinal cord)
hyperflexion

48
Q

What is important about the posterior longitudinal ligament and a slipped disc?

A

It redirects posterior herniation of nucleus pulposus to spare the cauda equina (peripheral nerves get compressed though)

49
Q

What does the filium terminale do?

A

It anchors the conus medullaris and meninges to coccyx

50
Q

Name the order of three meninge layers and three spaces in order from inside to out

A 
Pia mater
Sub arachnoid space
Arachnoid mater
Subdural space
Dura mater
Epidural space
51
Q

What layers of the vertebral column is the lumbar cistern and what is it?

A

L2 & S2

enlargement of subarachnoid space

52
Q

What is unique about the sub dural space?

A

It is present when observing a cadaver because they isn’t CSF to compress it

53
Q

How is Arachnoid mater attached to the pia mater?

A

Arachnoid trabeculae (spider webs)

54
Q

What type of ligaments does the pia form?

A

Denticulate ligaments (20-22) to tether cord laterally to inner dural sac

55
Q

What two ways can a herniation of nucleus pulposus occur?

A

1). flexion/hyperflexion
2). degeneration of anulus fibrosis
(nucleus pulposus protrudes usually posteriorly laterally through anulus fibrosis)
**get referred pain in corresponding dermatome because dorsal rami are pinches

56
Q

What is steeles rule of thirds?

A

1/3 holds dens
1/3 holds spinal cord
1/3 holds empty space
Important for if dens fractures then it doesn’t cut off the spinal cord “silent fracture)

57
Q

Explain herniation of disc & nerve compression in cervical vs thoracic/lumbar regions

A

Cervical disc occupy whole region of intervertebral foramen; C6-C7 herniation pinches C7 nerve because nerve protrudes superior to corresponding vertebrae in inferior border
Thoracic/lumbar regions- disc occupies only inferior portion; L4-L5 herniation; L4 is spared because protrudes in superior IV foramen space but L5 nerve descending down is compressed

58
Q

What is the procedure to help with herniated nucleus pulposus?

A

Laminectomy

59
Q

What space do you puncture for lumbar puncture?

A

subarachnoid space

60
Q

What space do you puncture for epidural?

A

epidural space

61
Q

What space do you puncture for spinal anesthesia

A

sub arachnoid

62
Q

What type of paraplegia at C1-C3? How about C6-C8? How about T10-L3?

A

quadriplegia, ventilator dependent
paraplegia, upper limb paresis
variable lower limb function

63
Q

What is spinal shock?

A

In terms of paralysis, cervical and thoracic transections might produce this which means you lose sympathetic innervation of vascular smooth muscle (cant regulate BP)

Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions