Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superficial group of muscles called, what is its function, and what muscles make up this group?

A

Posterior axio-appendicular muscles
Move/stabilize pectoral girdle or humerus
Superficial group: Trapezius & Latissimus dorsi
Deep group: Rhomboids (major/minor) & Levator scapulae

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2
Q

What movements does the scapulothoracic joint provide?

A

Scapula movements
Elevation/depression
Protraction/retraction
Upward/downward rotation

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3
Q

What muscle is the only one innervated by a CN?

A

Trapezius is innervated by CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)

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4
Q

What muscles make up the Auscultatory triangle and where is it located?

A

It is a muscle free window good for auscultation
Trapezius, rhomboid major and latissimus dorsi
It is medial to inferior scapular angle (6th intercostal space)

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5
Q

What muscles make up the lumbar triangle and what can occur in that area?

A

Latissimus dorsi, external oblique, iliac crest

Lumbar hernia is frequent here

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6
Q

What muscles make up the intermediate group and what are they often called?

A

Serratus posterior superior and Serratus posterior inferior

Accessory muscles of respiration

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7
Q

What is the deep back muscle group also called, what is its function, and what are these muscles all innervated by?

A

“intrinsic back muscles”
Maintain posture & move vertebral column
All segmentally innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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8
Q

What muscles make up the deep-superficial group?

A

Splenius capitis & splenius cervicis

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9
Q

What muscles make up the deep-intermediate group? What is another name for this group?

A

“erector spinae muscles”

Spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis (medial to lateral)

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10
Q

What muscles make up the deep-deep group? What is another name for this group?

A

“Transversospinalis group”

Semispinalis (capitis/cervices/thoracis)- only view capitis & cervices in lab/ Multifidus/ Rotatores

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11
Q

What is the thoracolumbar fascia, what are its three layers, and where is it located?

A

It is the deep fascia of thoracic & lumbar regions
It is attached to the vertebral column medially and abdominal wall muscles laterally
Three layers are posterior, middle & anterior

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12
Q

Where do the three layers of the thoracolumbar fascia attach and what do they form a compartment for?

A

Posterior- attach to spinous processes
Middle & Anterior- attach to transverse processes
Posterior & middle for compartment for intermediate & deep layers
Anterior forms compartment for quadratus lumborum
(thoracic region = thin, transparent)
(lumbar region = thick, formidable)

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13
Q

Where is the erector spinae group located within the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

Its located between the posterior & medial layers

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14
Q

Where is the Transversospinalis group located within the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

It is located in the posterior layers

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15
Q

What pierces through the semispinalis capitis?

A

The greater occipital nerve (dorsal rami of C2)

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16
Q

Where is multifidus best developed?

A

Lumbar region

17
Q

Where are the rotatores muscles best developed?

A

Thoracic region

18
Q

What movements/function does the transversospinalis group perform?

A

extend & stabilize the vertebral column

19
Q

What three muscles make up the sub occipital triangle?

A

rectus capitis posterior major (medial border)
obliquus capitis superior (lateral border)
obliquus capitis inferior (inferior border)

20
Q

What muscle is the sub occipital region deep to?

A

semispinalis capitis

21
Q

What nerve makes up the dorsal rami of C1?

A

Suboccipital nerve

22
Q

What marking is the centerpoint of the suboccipital starfish?

A

Spinous process of C2

23
Q

What is the fourth suboccipital muscle that is NOT involved in the triangle?

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor

24
Q

If you follow the greater occipital nerve deep through the semispinalis capitis muscle, what landmark does it bring you to?

A

The inferior border of the suboccipital triangle (obliquus capitis inferior)

25
Q

What landmark can you palpate through the suboccipital triangle?

A

posterior arch of C1

26
Q

What artery is present deep in the center of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral artery

27
Q

What nerve innervates all four suboccipital muscles?

A

suboccipital nerve

28
Q

What sensation do the dorsal rami of spinal nerves provide?

A

sensory innervation of skin

29
Q

What spinal nerves have sensory innervation to the back muscles?

A

T2-L2

30
Q

What spinal nerves have sensory innervation to the posterior neck & scalp?

A

C2-C4

31
Q

What is special about C1 spinal nerve and its innervation?

A

It does not have an afferent component (it does not provide sensory info through an afferent pathway to the spinal cord); it is purely motor

32
Q

What nerve is most commonly injured iatrogenically? and what damage does that cause?

A

Spinal accessory nerve CN XI (supplies SCM & Trapezius/nearly subcutaneous in posterior triangle of neck)
weak/absent shoulder shrug & inability to abduct arm beyond horizontal

33
Q

How can the Thoracodorsal nerve get damaged and how does this effect the body?

A

Damaged by axillary procedures (axillary node dissection), creates paralysis of latissimus dorsi; can’t climb or use axillary crutch