Back Muscles Flashcards
What is the superficial group of muscles called, what is its function, and what muscles make up this group?
Posterior axio-appendicular muscles
Move/stabilize pectoral girdle or humerus
Superficial group: Trapezius & Latissimus dorsi
Deep group: Rhomboids (major/minor) & Levator scapulae
What movements does the scapulothoracic joint provide?
Scapula movements
Elevation/depression
Protraction/retraction
Upward/downward rotation
What muscle is the only one innervated by a CN?
Trapezius is innervated by CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
What muscles make up the Auscultatory triangle and where is it located?
It is a muscle free window good for auscultation
Trapezius, rhomboid major and latissimus dorsi
It is medial to inferior scapular angle (6th intercostal space)
What muscles make up the lumbar triangle and what can occur in that area?
Latissimus dorsi, external oblique, iliac crest
Lumbar hernia is frequent here
What muscles make up the intermediate group and what are they often called?
Serratus posterior superior and Serratus posterior inferior
Accessory muscles of respiration
What is the deep back muscle group also called, what is its function, and what are these muscles all innervated by?
“intrinsic back muscles”
Maintain posture & move vertebral column
All segmentally innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves
What muscles make up the deep-superficial group?
Splenius capitis & splenius cervicis
What muscles make up the deep-intermediate group? What is another name for this group?
“erector spinae muscles”
Spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis (medial to lateral)
What muscles make up the deep-deep group? What is another name for this group?
“Transversospinalis group”
Semispinalis (capitis/cervices/thoracis)- only view capitis & cervices in lab/ Multifidus/ Rotatores
What is the thoracolumbar fascia, what are its three layers, and where is it located?
It is the deep fascia of thoracic & lumbar regions
It is attached to the vertebral column medially and abdominal wall muscles laterally
Three layers are posterior, middle & anterior
Where do the three layers of the thoracolumbar fascia attach and what do they form a compartment for?
Posterior- attach to spinous processes
Middle & Anterior- attach to transverse processes
Posterior & middle for compartment for intermediate & deep layers
Anterior forms compartment for quadratus lumborum
(thoracic region = thin, transparent)
(lumbar region = thick, formidable)
Where is the erector spinae group located within the thoracolumbar fascia?
Its located between the posterior & medial layers
Where is the Transversospinalis group located within the thoracolumbar fascia?
It is located in the posterior layers
What pierces through the semispinalis capitis?
The greater occipital nerve (dorsal rami of C2)