vertebral column lecture Flashcards
what is the arch of the vertebrae
2 pedicles to the body
2 lamina from the pedicles to spinous process
what are intervertebral notches
above and below each pedicle
what do inferior and superior intervertebral notches form
intervertebral foramen
what are transverse processes
form at junction of pedicle and lamina
name six compenents specific to cervical vertebrae
- foramen transversarum
- spinous processes are bifid
- bodies have unicate processes
- bodies are smaller and wider
- vertebral foramen is large and triangular
- articular facets face almost horizontal
name five components specific to thoracic vertebrae
- sup/inf demifacets for ribs
- TP’s have facets for tubercle of ribs
- spinous process are long and downward pointing
- bodies are heart shaped
- vertebral foramen are circular and smaller
name 4 components specific to lumbar vertebrae
- large bodies
- oval/triangular shaped vertebral foramen
- mamillary bodies: post to each sup articular facet
- articular facet in sagittal plane
what is the outer portion of intervertebral discs
annulus fibrosis
- layers of fibrocartilage
- many sensory nerve endings
what is the inner portion of intervertebral discs
nucleus pulposus
-gel like substance composed of proteoglycans and water
what is kyposis
what is it usually caused by
exaggerated thoracic curvature
-from destruction of thoracic bodies
what is lordosis
what is it usually caused by
exaggerated lumbar or cervical curvature
-from oblique sacrum
reasons for abnormal curvature
- muscle imbalance from nerve damage or poor posture
- strength of vertebrae
what happens during a herniated disc
- bulging of nucleus pulposus against annulus fibrousis
- impingment of dorsal/ventral roots
- osteophytes form on edge of bodes to compensate
what motion places the most stress on the discs
flexion coupled with lateral flexion
