intro to musculoskeletal Flashcards
musckoskeletal system consists of?
- muscles
- bones
- joints
- connective tissue
what is in the matrix of the skeletal system
- protein-polysaccharide complexes
- collagen fibers = strength of bone
- deposition of srystal calcium salts = hardness
what is bone to blood transfer?
calcium and phosphate exchande from bone to blood
-regulated by thryois and parathyroid
what does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
- upper/lower limbs
- pectoral girdle
- pelvic girdle
function of pectoral vs pelvic girdle
- pectoral: max mobility to upper limb
- pelvic: support weight of lower limbs
composition of the diaphysis of long bones
- peripheral layer = compact bone
- central portion: “medullary cavity” contains yellow/red bone marrow
- distal portion contains spongy bone
what does the epiphysis of the long bone contain
spongy bone
what is the metaphysis of long bone
- cartilaginous
- responsible for growth
steps of fracture healing
- clot formation
- inflammatory stage
- callus formation
- remodeling
what is the matrix of hyaline cartilage
colagen fibers
where is hyaline cartilage found in adults
- articular cartilage in synovial joints
- costal cartilage
- rings sof trachea
- resonsbile for growth in long bones
what is the matrix of elastic cartilage
elastin: protein like substance
where is elastic cartilage found in adults
- nose
- larynx
- outer ear
what is the matrix of fibrocartilage
thick lamina of colalge fibers
where is fibrocartilage found in adults
- IVD
- menisci
- symphysis joints
where do dense connective tissues get their strength from
highly ordered dense arrangement of collagen
what structures are considered dense connective tissue
- tendons
- ligaments
- dense fascia
what is the matrix and function of tendons
- collagen
- transmit force of contracting muscle to bone
what is the matrix and function of ligaments
- collagen
- help stabilize joints btwn bones
what is the matrix and function of deep fascia
- dense fibrous collagenous tissue
- helps bind muscle to tendons
what is fibrous joints united by
example?
- dense fibrous connective tissue
- sutures of cranial bones
what are symphysis joints united by?
example?
- fibrocartilage
- IVD/pubic symphysis
what movements are allowed in a ball and socket joint?
- flex/ext
- abd/add
- in/out rotation
- circumduction
what movements are allowed in a hinge joint
flex/ext
what movements are allowed in a pivot joint?
rotation
what movements are allowed in an ellipsoid joint
- flex/ext
- abd/add
exmaples of ellipsoid joint
wrist
metacarpophalangeal joint
what movements are allowed in a zygapophyseal joint
gliding over one another
