intro to musculoskeletal

Question 1

musckoskeletal system consists of?

Answer 1

• muscles
• bones
• joints
• connective tissue

Question 2

what is in the matrix of the skeletal system

Answer 2

• protein-polysaccharide complexes
• collagen fibers = strength of bone
• deposition of srystal calcium salts = hardness

Question 3

what is bone to blood transfer?

Answer 3

calcium and phosphate exchande from bone to blood

-regulated by thryois and parathyroid

Question 4

what does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

Answer 4

• upper/lower limbs
• pectoral girdle
• pelvic girdle

Question 5

function of pectoral vs pelvic girdle

Answer 5

• pectoral: max mobility to upper limb

- pelvic: support weight of lower limbs

Question 6

composition of the diaphysis of long bones

Answer 6

• peripheral layer = compact bone
• central portion: “medullary cavity” contains yellow/red bone marrow
• distal portion contains spongy bone

Question 7

what does the epiphysis of the long bone contain

Answer 7

spongy bone

Question 8

what is the metaphysis of long bone

Answer 8

• cartilaginous

- responsible for growth

Question 9

steps of fracture healing

Answer 9

• clot formation
• inflammatory stage
• callus formation
• remodeling

Question 10

what is the matrix of hyaline cartilage

Answer 10

colagen fibers

Question 11

where is hyaline cartilage found in adults

Answer 11

• articular cartilage in synovial joints
• costal cartilage
• rings sof trachea
• resonsbile for growth in long bones

Question 12

what is the matrix of elastic cartilage

Answer 12

elastin: protein like substance

Question 13

where is elastic cartilage found in adults

Answer 13

• nose
• larynx
• outer ear

Question 14

what is the matrix of fibrocartilage

Answer 14

thick lamina of colalge fibers

Question 15

where is fibrocartilage found in adults

Answer 15

• IVD
• menisci
• symphysis joints

Question 16

where do dense connective tissues get their strength from

Answer 16

highly ordered dense arrangement of collagen

Question 17

what structures are considered dense connective tissue

Answer 17

• tendons
• ligaments
• dense fascia

Question 18

what is the matrix and function of tendons

Answer 18

• collagen

- transmit force of contracting muscle to bone

Question 19

what is the matrix and function of ligaments

Answer 19

• collagen

- help stabilize joints btwn bones

Question 20

what is the matrix and function of deep fascia

Answer 20

• dense fibrous collagenous tissue

- helps bind muscle to tendons

Question 21

what is fibrous joints united by

example?

Answer 21

• dense fibrous connective tissue

- sutures of cranial bones

Question 22

what are symphysis joints united by?

example?

Answer 22

• fibrocartilage

- IVD/pubic symphysis

Question 23

what movements are allowed in a ball and socket joint?

Answer 23

• flex/ext
• abd/add
• in/out rotation
• circumduction

Question 24

what movements are allowed in a hinge joint

Answer 24

flex/ext

Question 25

what movements are allowed in a pivot joint?

Answer 25

rotation

Question 26

what movements are allowed in an ellipsoid joint

Answer 26

• flex/ext

- abd/add

Question 27

exmaples of ellipsoid joint

Answer 27

wrist

metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 28

what movements are allowed in a zygapophyseal joint

Answer 28

gliding over one another