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Control and Movement Term 2 > Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What does the vertebral column consist of?

A

Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs

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2
Q

How many vertebrae are in the adult column?

A

33

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3
Q

What are the different types of vertebra and how many of each are there?

A 
Cervical - C1 to C7
Thoracic - T1 to T12
Lumbar - L1 to L5
Sacral - S1 to S5
Coccygeal - Co1 to Co4 but fused into one coccyx)
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4
Q

What are the features of a typical vertebra, anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

Anteriorly - a body which supports the vertebral column and is connected to intervertebral discs

Posteriorly - Vertebral arch

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5
Q

What are the subdivisions of the vertebral arch?

A

Pedicle
Lamina
Superior and Inferior articular processes, extending posteriorly to the vertebral notches
Spinous and transverse processes

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6
Q

What is the function of the pedicle?

A

Attaches transverse process to the body of the vertebra

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7
Q

What is the function of the lamina?

A

Attaches transverse process to spinous process

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8
Q

What is the function of the spinous and transverse processes?

A

Attachment of muscles and ligaments

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9
Q

Which are the smallest of the moveable vertebrae?

A

Cervical

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10
Q

What do the cervical vertebrae form?

A

The bony skeleton of the neck

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11
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of a cervical vertebra and what is special about them in C7?

A

Transverse foramen

Smaller in C7 or occasionally absent

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12
Q

What structures pass through the transverse foramina?

A

Vertebral arteries

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13
Q

Which cervical vertebrae are atypical?

A

C1 - Atlas

C2 - Axis

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14
Q

Which feature of C7 makes it a bony landmark?

A

The spinous process of C7: the vertebra prominens

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15
Q

What are some features of C1?

A

Articulates with the head

No vertebral body

Fuses onto the body of C2 to form the dens

No intervertebral disc

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16
Q

What do the lateral masses of C1 articulate with superiorly and inferiorly?

A

Superiorly: occipital condyle of the skull

Inferiorly: Superior articular surfaces of C2

17
Q

What are some features of C2?

A

Two large flat articular facets upon which the atlas rotates

Dens, also known as the odontoid process. Acts as a pivot the allows rotation of the head from side to side

Held in position by the transverse ligament of the atlas

18
Q

What are the distinguishing features of thoracic vertebrae?

A

Vertebral body - ♥︎ shaped with superior and inferior costa; demi facets for articulation with head of rib

Spinous process - long and extends postern-inferiorly

Transverse process - costa; facet for articulation with tubercle of rib

Articular facets - superior faces posterior / inferior faces anterior

19
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Vertebral body - large and cylindrical

Spinous process - short and sturdy

Articular facets - Superior faces medially / inferior faces laterally

Transverse process - thin and long

No facets for articulation with the ribs

20
Q

What three things hold vertebrae together?

A

Facet Joints

Intervertebral discs

Ligaments

21
Q

What is the role of facet joints?

A

Connect the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae

22
Q

What is the role of intervertebral discs?

A

Exist between all non fused vertebrae and provide flexibility to the spine and act as shock absorbers

23
Q

What are the two components of the IV disc?

A

Annulus fibrosis

Nucleus Pulposus

24
Q

What is the annulus fibrosis and how is it structured?

A

A component of the intervertebral disc

Consists of an outer ring of collagen surrounding a wider zone of fibrocartilage arranged in a lamellar configuration

25
Q

What is the function of the nucleus pulposus

A

A component of the intervertebral disc

Fills the centre of the IV disc is gelatinous and absorbs compression forces between vertebrae

Control and Movement Term 2 (9 decks)

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