Foot and Ankle | General Flashcards
What is the gross formation of the ankle?
Articulation between distal tibia and talus
What kind of joint is the ankle?
Synovial hinge joint
What movements are available to the ankle?
Dorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
Inversion
Eversion
What are the bones which form the osteology of the ankle?
Talus Calcaneus Navicular Cuboid Cuneiforms
What factors contribute to stability of the ankle?
Good congruity between malleolar mortice and trochlea
Strong ligaments between the bones of the ankle joint
What ligaments strengthen the ankle joint?
Interosseous membrane (distal part)
Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
Calcaneofibular ligament
Deltoid (medial) ligament
Where is the trochlea wider, anteriorly or posteriorly?
Anteriorly
During dorsiflexion, where does the trochlea move and what does this movement do?
The anterior part of the trochlea moves between the malleoli
Movement increases the grip on the talus by spreading the tibia and fibula
Why is dorsiflexion the most stable position of the ankle joint?
It spreads the tibia and fibula slightly which increases grip on the talus
What is the origin of the medial ligament (deltoid ligament) ?
Medial malleolus
What is the insertion of the medial ligament?
Talus
Navicular
Calcaneus
What muscles are used in dorsiflexion?
Muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg
What muscles are used in plantar flexion?
Uses muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg except popliteus
Where do eversion and eversion primarily occur?
The subtler joint
Where is the subtler joint?
Between the talus and underlying calcaneus
Which spinal nerves innervate muscles inverting the foot?
L4 + L5
Which spinal nerves innervate the muscles everting the foot?
L5 +S1
What type of injury do most ankle injuries fall under?
Inversion Injuries with twisting of a plantar-flexed foot
Why is a healed bone post ankle injury weak?
The ligament fibres do not grow back into the bone cortex
Torn ligaments associated with injury to the bone destabilise the joint predisposing them to dislocation
Which ligament is weaker, lateral or medial?
Lateral Ligament
What can an eversion injury result in?
Avulsion of the medical malleolus die to pulling on the strong medial ligament
From posterior to anterior, what are the joints of the foot?
Talonavicular joint Calcaneocuboid joint Naviculocuneiform joints Tarsometatarsal joints Metatarsophalangeal joints Interphalangeal joints
What are the functions of the arches of the foot?
Distribute weight
Act as shock absorbers
Increase flexibility of the foot
Act as ‘springboards’
Name the arches of the foot
Medial longitudinal
Lateral longitudinal
Transverse
