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Control and Movement Term 2 > Lower Limb 2: Posterior Thigh and Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Lower Limb 2: Posterior Thigh and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the general gross appearance of the femur

A

Robust shaft and two complex expanded articular ends

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2
Q

What does the femur articulate with?

A

Proximally with the acetabulum

Distally with the tibia

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3
Q

Describe the proximal end of the femur

A

Spherical head which is joined to the shaft of the femur by the neck

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4
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of the cylindrical shaft of the femur?

A

The linea aspera

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5
Q

What is the linear aspera?

A

A pair of ridges that run longitudinally along the dosas surface and form an attachment site for muscles of the thigh

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6
Q

What is the layer of deep fascia surrounding the muscles of the thigh called?

A

Fascia lata

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7
Q

What does the fascia lata form and what do they do?

A

Three intermuscular septa that attach the linea aspera of the femur

They divide the muscles of the thigh into three compartments: anterior extensor, posterior flexor and medial adductor

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8
Q

What are the three compartments of the thigh and what are they formed by?

A

Anterior extensor
Posterior flexor
Medial adductor

Formed by linea aspera

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9
Q

What are the three hamstring muscles?

A

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Biceps Femoris

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10
Q

What is the common origin of the hamstring muscles?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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11
Q

Which muscles does the following nerve innervate in the lower limb?

Tibial branch of the sciatic nerve

A

Hamstring muscles:

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Biceps femoris

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12
Q

What are the distal attachments of semimembranosus?

A

Medial condyle of tibia

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13
Q

What are the distal attachments of semitendinosus

A

Medial surface of proximal tibia

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14
Q

What are the distal attachments of the long head of biceps femoris?

A

Head of the fibula and lateral tibial condyle

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15
Q

Why is the short head of biceps femoris not part of the hamstrings?

A

It does not share the common proximal attachment and innervation of the hamstring muscles

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16
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Distal linea aspera

Supracondylar ridge of femur

17
Q

What innervates the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Common perineal nerve

18
Q

What is the distal attachment of the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Head of fibula

Lateral condyle of tibia

19
Q

What are the functions of the hamstrings at the hip?

A

Extension

20
Q

What are the functions of the hamstrings at the knee?

A

Flexion

21
Q

Adductor magnus exists in the medial compartment of the thigh. Why is it considered part of the hamstring muscles?

A

The hamstring part of adductor magnus shared the common proximal attachment and innervation of the hamstring muscles

22
Q

What are the two parts of adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part

Hamstring part

23
Q

What is the nerve supply to adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part: posterior branch of obturator nerve

Hamstring part: tibial branch of sciatic nerve

24
Q

What is the origin of adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part: pubic and ischial rami

Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity

25
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve divide?

A

A variable point in the back of the thigh

26
Q

What does the sciatic nerve divide into?

A

The common fibular branch

The tibial branch

27
Q

How does the common fibular nerve and tibial nerve travel after the sciatic splits?

A

Common fibular deviates laterally

Tibial nerve continues in the midline

Both enter the popliteal fossa

28
Q

What structure make up the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Biceps femoris - superior and lateral

Semimembranosus - superior and medial

Semitendinosus - Superior and medial

Medial head of gastrocnemius - inferior and medial

Lateral head of gastrocnemius - inferior and lateral

29
Q

What structures form the roof of the popliteal fossa?

A

Skin

Superficial fascia

Deep fascia

30
Q

What structures form the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

The popliteal surface of the femur

The capsule of the knee joint

Strong fascia covering the popliteus muscle

31
Q

What divides the posterior compartment of the leg into superficial and deep sub-compartments?

A

Transverse intermuscular septum

32
Q

What muscles are in the superficial compartment?

A

Gastrocnemius

Soles

Plantaris

33
Q

Which muscle is able to function as a flexor of the knee as well s a plantar flexor of the ankle joint?

A

Gastrocnemius

Control and Movement Term 2 (9 decks)

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