Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > vertebral column > Flashcards

vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

what does the vertebral column include

A

entire set of vertebrates excluding ribs, sternum, and pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many of each type of vertebrae is there

A

7- cervical
12- thoracic
5-lumbar
5-sacrum
4- coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

kyphotic

A

primary curve , forward rounding of the back, shaped like the letter C, occurs ar the thoracic spine and sacrum/coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lordotic

A

secondary curve
cervical: child begins to lift head
lumbar: child begins to walk
allows compression to take place
occurs at cervical and lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

projection of bone coming out of vertebrae, gives cite for muscles and ligaments to attach

A

spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

connects the vertebral body with the lamina and transverse process

A

pedicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

composed of a floor at the back of the vertebrae , walls (pedicles), and a roof where 2 lamina join

A

vertebral arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 superiorly and inferiorly, one superior superior and one inferior meets eachother and create a facet joint

A

articular process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where the spinal cord goes through

A

vertebral Foramen aka central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does spinal cord start and end

A

spinal cord starts at foramen magnum, becomes brain stem and goes to L1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

conus medullaris

A

end of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cauda equina

A

nerves that comes out of conus medullaris that go down towards coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

connective tissue that goes from conus medullaris to coccyx, the connective tissue keeps spone in place in the vertebral canal (could also be the vertebral canal or foramina)

A

Filum Terminale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

outer layer of spinal cord, tough connective tissue

A

dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

epidural space

A

space between vertebral canal and dura matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

between dura mater and Pia mater

A

arachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pia mater

A

inner most thin layer, held tightly to the surface of your brain and spinal cord, blood vessels pass through to supply brain tissue with blood and helps contain CFS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

subdural

A

anything inside the dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

between arachnoid space and pia mater, contains CFS (cerebrospinal fluid)

A

Subarachnoid space:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how large is the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

A

c- 17mm
T- 12-14mm
L- 13 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

narrowing of the canal, occurs at 10-13 mm. spinal cord could be injured

A

Central (vertebral) canal stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

spinal cord injury can cause

A

deficits in sensation like lack of balance, gait, and motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

intervertebral disc contains

A

a fibrous cartilage between vertebrae and contains 2 parts, the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

outer layer of disc, 25 concentric layers of connective tissue. Helps contain the nucleus pulposes

A

annulus fibrosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

gelatin type of substance that consists of proteoglycans and water (75% water). Can move left and right plus superior and inferior within the annulus fibrosus

A

nucleus pulposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what do the discs do

A

allow stability, cushioning, proprioception, movement, and actions of part of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

allows us to perceive the location

A

proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

where is the first disc located and where is the last

A

Between C2 and C3
last is L5-S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

why do S1-S4 not have a disc

A

because it is fused together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

connective tissue at the top or bottom of disc, prevents nucleus pulposes from migrating towards the vertebral body

A

end plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

schmoris nodes

A

nucleus pulposes migrating towards vertebral body due to insufficiency of end plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

vertebral flexion the nucleus pulposes moves

A

posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

vertebral extension the nucleus pulposes moves

A

anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

bulge disc posteriorly

A

flexing cervical or lumbar spine too much eventually will lead to the nucleus pulposes bulging or leaking of nucleus pulposes to the intervertebral foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is affected if the nerve root is compressed

A

myotomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

C1 and C2 the nerve root is where

A

C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

C3 and C4. the nerve root is where

A

C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

T1 and T2 the nerve root is where

A

T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

C7 and T1 the nerve root is where

A

C8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

White matter, composed of axons, sensory neurons.

A

dorsal horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

gray area, composed of cell bodies, alpha motor neurons.

A

ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

dorsal and ventral root combine to make a

A

nerve root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

dorsal ganglion

A

composed of cell bodies of sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

articulation between the superior and inferior articular process, known as Z joint, main cause of joint pain

A

facet joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

upper cervical facet joint

A

transverse plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

mid cervical facet joint

A

oblique frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

has anterior longitudinal ligament that prevents excessive extension of vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

prevents hyperflexion of column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Tectorial membrane ligaments

A

upper part of posterior longitudinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

flava

A

prevents excess flexion of column and can lead to central canal stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

interspinous prevents

A

hyper flexion of vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

supraspinous prevents

A

hyper flexion of column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

nuchal

A

supraspinous ligament of the cervical spine ( occipital to C7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

between the transverse process, prevents excessive lateral (side) flexion of vertebral canal

A

inter transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

skin covers area of vertebra where the neural arch is not fused, a dimple with a hair coming out of it.

A

spina bifida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

meninges are coming out of the vertebral column

A

Meningocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

meninges and spine are coming out of the vertebral column

A

Meningomyelocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

do discs like flexion or extension

A

extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

keeps the dens off axis (C2), prevents dense form migrating posteriorly and injuring the spinal cord

A

transverse ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

cruciform ligament consists of

A

transverse ligament and longtitudinal band going up and down

61
Q

prevents excessive side flexion and rotation contralaterally

A

alar ligament

62
Q

gives vertebra rails so flexion and extension can take place in the cervical spine

A

Uncovertebral Joints (C3-C7)

63
Q

cervical motions

A

flexion/extension
lateral flexion
rotation
retraction/protrusion

64
Q

deep in the spine, provide stability to vertebral column

A

local cervical muscles

65
Q

flexes the cervical spine

A

longus coli and longs capitus

66
Q

extends the cervical spine, transverospinalis

A

Semispinalis, Rotatores, and Multifidus

67
Q

generate large forces, type 2 fibers (anaerobic).

A

global cervical

68
Q

global cervical muscles

A

scalene, SCM, and splenius capitus and cervices

69
Q

has a trigger point, downwardly rotates the scapula

A

levator scapula

70
Q

brings scapula inwards towards spine, retracts scapula

A

Rhomboid minor and major

71
Q

downwardly rotates scapula (3)

A

Rhomboids, Levator scapulae, and Pectoralis minor

72
Q

trapezius attaches where

A

scapula spine

73
Q

means origin and insertion will be on cervical spine

A

coli

74
Q

rotatores and mutlifidus provides what

A

stability to the spine

75
Q

Longus cervices and longus capitis does what

A

flexes the spine

76
Q

anterior and middle attaches to 1st rib, posterior attaches to second rib.

A

scalene

77
Q

flexes cervical spine, ipsilateral lateral flexes & rotates it contralateral.

A

Sternocleidomastoid

78
Q

Neck pain and dysfunction of cervical spine caused by

A

deep cervical flexors and extensors

79
Q

comes from the vertebral artery

A

anterior an posterior spinal artery

80
Q

comes from thyrocervical trunk which is a branch from the subclavian artery, contributes to blood circulation to spine

A

ascending cervical artery

81
Q

comes from deep cervical artery, branch of subclavian artery, contributes to circulation of cervical spine but not as much

A

costovertebral trunk

82
Q

comes from vertebral artery, divides into anterior and posterior radicular artery, supply the spinal cord anteriorly and posteriorly

A

Segmental spinal artery

83
Q

bracial plexus consists of what nerve roots

A

C5-T1

84
Q

brachial plexus (Roberts Thomas drinks coors tightly)

A

roots-trunk-divisions-cords- terminal branches

85
Q

what do roots become

A

trunks

86
Q

thoracic spine actions

A

flexion/extension
lateral flexion
rotation

87
Q

thoracic facets are located where

A

located in the frontal plane, 80-degree angle

88
Q

does the lumbar have a lot of rotation and why

A

not much and because it is sagittal

89
Q

ribs 1-7 are

A

true ribs

90
Q

ribs 8-10

A

false because they attach to costal cartlidge

91
Q

ribs 11-12

A

floating, not attached

92
Q

what nerve are ribs innovated by

A

phrenic nerve

93
Q

Ignore

A
94
Q

decrease the diameter anterior, posterior, and lateral which increases intrathoracic pressure, lungs will have more pressure than the environment so the air will go from inside the lungs to the outside

A

internal intercostal

95
Q

ribs go up and forward, increases diameter from anterior to posterior and lateral dimensions of rib cage which leads to a decrease in intrathoracic pressure. Air flows from high gradient to low gradient

A

external intercostal shortens

96
Q

inspiratory muscles

A

diaphragm and external intercostals

97
Q

expiratory muscles

A

internal intercostals and subcostal

98
Q

accessory inspiratory muscles

A

sternocleidomastoid, all scalenus, both pectoralis, inferior fibers of serrates anterior, latissimus doors, serrates posterior superior

99
Q

accessory expiratory muscles

A

abdominal muscles

100
Q

T1- T10 articulate with MAKES NO SENSE

A

transverse process

101
Q

T2-T9 articulate with

A

2 body and 1 disc

102
Q

Ribs 1-6 move

A

anterior and posterior dimensions, pump

103
Q

Ribs 7-10 move

A

lateral on frontal plane, bucket

104
Q

ribs 11-12 move

A

internal and external rotation

105
Q

Internal rotation of the ribs make the ribcage

A

bigger to decrease intrathoracic pressure, air flows from higher to lower gradient

106
Q

have anterior and posterior spinal artery that come down from the spinal cord and supply it

A

vertebral artery

107
Q

the thoracic posterior artery has how many arteries

A

2

108
Q

the thoracic anterior artery has how many arteries

A

1

109
Q

the posterior thoracic artery comes from the

A

aorta

110
Q

what artery comes from the posterior intercostal

A

segmental spinal artery

111
Q

what artery unites with the anterior spinal artery and supplies the spinal cord

A

segmental medullary artery

112
Q

which arteries are the main suppliers for the spinal cord

A

posterior spinal artery, anterior spinal artery, and segmental spinal artery

113
Q

lumbar motions

A

flexion/extension,
rotation and lateral flexion

114
Q

lumbar spine discs increases height ____

A

anteriorly

115
Q

4 nerve roots in the sacrum comes from the ____ and 1 nerve root comes from ___

A

sacral foramina, sacral hiatus

116
Q

sacrum apex is the

A

most pointy area, bottom

117
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

sacrum articulates with ilium

118
Q

coccyx is formed by what

A

the fusion of 4 vertebrae

119
Q

sacrum motion

A

minimal motion, nutation, counternutation

120
Q

nutation

A

moves anteriorly and inferior

121
Q

counternutation

A

moves posteriorly and superiorly

122
Q

transfers load between the lower extremities and the spine, stability

A

sacroiliac joint

123
Q

where is the anterior sacroiliac ligament

A

between sacrum and ilium

124
Q

where is the posterior sacroiliac ligament

A

originates in the ilium and attaches to sacrum,limits counternutation (superior and posterior movement of sacrum)

125
Q

lateral to sacrum and coccyx to ischial spine, prevents excessive nutation (anterior and inferior movement of sacrum)

A

sacrotuberous ligament

126
Q

goes from sacrum/coccyx to ischial spine, limits nutation (anterior and inferior movement of sacrum)

A

sacrospinous ligament

127
Q

creates the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

128
Q

deep between sacrum and ilium, limits nutation (anterior and inferior movement of the sacrum)

A

Interosseous ligament

129
Q

from lumbar to ilium, transverse process of L5 to ilium. Provides stability between L5 and S1

A

iliolumbar ligament

130
Q

deepest muscles in vertebral column posteriorly. Rotate the vertebral column contralaterally

A

rotatores

131
Q

from transverse process to 2-4 levels above. Rotates the vertebral column contralaterally and extend the lower back if contracted at the same time.

A

multifidus

132
Q

back stabilizer muscles

A

rotatores and multifidus

133
Q

side flex or bend, both contract they extend the back.

A

quadratus lumborum

134
Q

erector spinae

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis ( I love spaghetti)

135
Q

Latissimus dorsi motions

A
  • internal rotation, shoulder abduction, shoulder extension
136
Q

transfer of mechanical energy from one lower extremity could be propagated to the opposite arm, provides stability of lower back

A

Thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal)

137
Q

psoas major

A

main hip flexor, flexion, and lateral oration of the thigh at the hip

138
Q

where is the psoas major

A

meets at the iliacus and arms the iliosoas

139
Q

what does the transverse abdominus do

A

stabilizes the back and the front

140
Q

linea alba is a

A

connective tissue that attaches the trunk flexors to the middle of the body

141
Q

combines with external and internal oblique aponeurosis with rectus abdominus aponeurosis to attach to linea alba

A

transverse aponeurosis

142
Q

flex the trunk when they simultaneously contract, contralaterally rotates

A

external oblique

143
Q

flex the trunk when they simultaneously contract, ipsilateral rotation

A

internal oblique

144
Q

flex the trunk when they simultaneously contract

A

Rectus Abdominus (Sheath)-

145
Q

what does the linea alba consists of

A

External oblique, Internal Oblique, and Rectus Abdominus aponeurosis

146
Q

deep to superficial anterior ab muscles

A

transverse, internal , external, rectus abdominus

147
Q

comes from the ascending aorta, has segmental artery anterior which has anterior and posterior radicular (nerve root) artery

A

lumbar artery

148
Q

drains via Basi vertebral veins into external venous plexus

A

internal vertebral venous plexus

149
Q

– helps move blood from your chest and abdomen to your heart, where it’s reoxygenated , empties blood in superior vena cava

A

Thoracic azygous vein

Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions