exam 1 mock exam Flashcards
Which muscle is not in the third layer of the foot?
tibialis posterior
Patient presents with weakness with great toe extension and lack of sensation in the web space between the 1st and 2nd toe and the dorsal of their foot. Which nerve or nerve root is most likely implicated.
L5 nerve root
Which ligament limits both extension and abduction of the hip?
pubofemoral ligament
In which population and in what area will the healing prognosis of a meniscus tear/repair be best?
Younger/athletic population; outer 1/3 of meniscus
Which nerve innervates the facet (zygapophyseal) joint?
Medial branch of the posterior (dorsal) rami
Which bursitis would flare up with hip extension, abduction, and external rotation?
Trochanteric
Patient presents w/ plantar flexion and knee flexion weakness, which muscle(s) can be tested to help differentiate between the S1 and S2 myotome
Peroneus longus/brevis
Which is NOT a function of the acetabular labrum?
lubrication
Vessels that supply the medullary cavity of bone enter through the __
Nutrient foramina
Sensory deficit to the plantar aspect of the foot and weakness of the intrinsic foot musculature are associated with __ syndrome, while sensory deficit to the web space between digits 1 & 2 and weakness of the extensor hallucis and extensor digitorum are associated with __ syndrome
Tarsal tunnel; anterior tarsal
Which of the following is NOT within the sub-occipital triangle?
Basilar artery
Which two ligaments are most commonly involved in high ankle sprains?
Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament & posterior inferior tibiofibular
Housemaid’s knee affects the __ , while clergyman’s knee affects the __
Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa; subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
Pennate muscle has a __ potential to generate force due to its larger cross sectional area and contracts __.
Greater; slowly
What structure divides the posterior compartment into superficial and deep sections?
Transverse intramuscular septum
__ fibers supply motor to skeletal (voluntary) muscles while __ fibers supply motor to smooth (involuntary) muscle
Somatic efferents; Visceral efferents
Compression of the C8 nerve root occurs between which vertebrae?
C7 & T1
What exercises would alleviate the symptoms of an individual diagnosed with left intervertebral stenosis?
Flexion; lateral flexion to the right; rotation to the right
The __ are all considered false ribs
8-12
Which states the correct order of meninges and spaces from outermost to innermost?
Dura matter; subarachnoid space; pia mater
Which answer choice correctly lists the muscles in the erector spinae muscle group from medial to lateral?
Spinalis thoracis; longissimus thoracis; Iliocostalis
Sacral nutation is a combination of __ movement
Anterior & inferior
__ joints allow for the most movement
synovial
The body of an alpha-motor neuron is located in the __
Ventral horn
Which of the following statements about bone ossification is true?
Primary ossification occurs at the diaphysis of long bones at ten weeks of embryonic development
Which muscle requires the most motor units
Gluteus maximus for rapid hip extension
A unhappy triad involves which structures of the knee?
ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus
If an individual is experiencing a left hip drop during gait. Which of the following structures is most likely involved?
Right gluteus medius
The joint capsule of the hip is taut in full. _
Extension & internal rotation
_ motor neurons travel from the periphery to the CNS, have cell bodies in the __ , and are __
Afferent; dorsal root ganglion; pseudounipolar
Which is NOT a characteristic of plantar fasciosis?
Hypermobilily at the 1st metatarsal-phalangeal jo
Ribs 1-6 act as a __ and move in a __ direction during respiration
Pump handle; anterior/posterior
What landmark is used to determine the point at which the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery?
First rib
The __ nerve is impinged during __ compartment syndrome
Deep peroneal; anterior
In open kinetic chain (non-weight bearing) activities the popliteus is responsible for which of the following movements?
Knee flexion & tibial internal rotation
Which of the following best describes neurons from the parasympathetic nervous system
Originate from the cranial/sacral region; long preganglionic neurons; short postganglionic neurons
Patient presents with knee extension weakness. Which two neural structures could be implicated and what dermatome would you test to differentiate.
L3 nerve root/femoral nerve; upper anterior thigh to the medial aspect of the knee without crossing the patella
Patient presents with low back pain with associated numbness, tingling, and weakness down their legs. The patient describes their symptoms as improving with extension based movements, and become worse with flexion based exercises. What type of pathology would you be concerned is occurring as their PT
Disc bulge/herniation
Which artery supplies a majority of blood to the head and the neck of the femur?
Medial circumflex artery
Which ribs have both costovertebral and costotransverse joints?
1-10
In which position is the ACL on slack and the PCL taut?
Knee flexion
When anesthesiologists administer an epidural they know to inject the corticosteroid into the epidural space when they hear an audible
“pop”. Which ligament is responsible for this sound when punctured by the needle.
Ligamentum Flavum
Patient presents with weakness leg (knee) flexion in their left lower extremity. Patient also reports numbness and tingling in the left heel. Results from performing a manual muscle tests on the left lower extremity revealed weakness with ankle plantar flexion and inversion, as well as flexion of the toes. The patient also demonstrated lack of stability of the muscles in the foot. All other lower extremity movements were found to be within normal limits. Sensory testing of the left lower extremity revealed paresthesia remained local to the left heal as patient reported and did not involve the posterior thigh or other regions of the left foot. Which peripheral nerve or nerve root is implicated?
Tibial nerve
Repetitive lateral ankle sprains puts an individual at risk of excessive __ and instability
Inversion
What is the action of the plantar interossi
Adduction of the digits
The saphenous opening is where the __ vein meets with the __ vein
Great saphenous; femoral
With respect to the vertebrae, which structure connects the spinous and transverse processes?
lamina
Which muscles must be used to look over your right shoulder?
Left sternocleidomastoid, left upper trapezius, right levator scapulae
Pulmonary arteries supply __ blood to the __ while the pulmonary veins supply the __ with __ blood
Deoxygenated; lungs; left atrium; oxygenated
Cervical protrusion is a combination of __
Upper cervical extension; mid to lower cervical flexion
Patient presents with dorsiflexion weakness. Which two neural structures could be implicated and what dermatome would you test to differentiate
L4 nerve root/deep peroneal nerve; anterior aspect of the thigh, over the knee, down the medial aspect of the left to the medial foot and great toe
Which muscle is associated with causing sciatica?
Piriformis
The attachment site of each of the scalenes is __
Anterior and middle scalene attach on the first rib, the posterior scalene attaches on the 2nd rib
Which two muscles in the neck are a potential site of entrapment/impingement leading to thoracic outlet syndrome?
Anterior and middle scalene
Which structure facilitates blood flow to compact bone and periosteum?
Haversian canal
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of lateral tracking of the patella?
Tight medial retinaculum (patellofemoral ligament)
Patient presents in clinic with complaints of shoulder pain with certain movements. Upon performing range of motion testing you find the patients symptoms of pain are elicited when certain muscles that make up the shoulder are stretched. No pain is felt when the same muscles contract to produce movement. Given these findings you suspect the patient is suffering from __
An inert lesion
Which nerves are both considered contents of the popliteal fossa
Tibial & common peroneal
Which of the following ligaments is NOT considered part of the deltoid ligament (medial ankle ligaments)?
Posterior talofibular
Which structure is the smallest contractile unit of muscle?
Sarcomere
Medium sized arteries serve what function?
Composed of smooth muscle controlled by ANS; vasoconstrict and vasodilate to control blood flow to areas in need
Which muscles are primarily involved in inspiration?
External intercostals, diaphragm
What is the primary action of the longus colli muscle
Feed forward stabilization of the cervical spine
Spina bifida is a congenital vertebral canal abnormality caused by a deformity in the neural arch. This occurs when which aspects of the vertebra fail to fuse together?
Pedicle; lamina
Which of the following muscles is not responsible for external rotation of the hip?
Tensor Fasciae Latae
The most commonly torn ligament in the foot is the __
Anterior talofibular ligament
S1 vertebra detaching from the sacrum and becoming a 6th lumbar vertebra is termed
Lumbarization
The sciatic nerve gives rise to which two peripheral nerves?
Tibial & common peroneal nerves
Which type of muscle contraction involves lengthening of muscle when the resistive force is greater than the muscle force?
Eccentric
Which of the following structures does NOT support the medial arch of the foot
Peroneous longus
Which of the following ligaments does NOT limit flexion of the vertebral column?
Intertransverse ligament
Which arteries are responsible for supplying a majority of the spinal cord with blood?
Anterior and posterior vertebral (spinal) arteries
Which of the following muscles is NOT in the anterior compartment
Peroneus longus
Which is NOT a common sign/symptom of hip osteoarthritis
Locking/clicking/catching sensation with movement of the hip
The calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular joints together make up the __ joint, at which __ occurs
Transverse tarsal; supination & pronation
Which action could present as weak with a pathology of the common peroneal nerve?
Ankle eversion
With respect to trunk movement rotation to the right involves:
Left external oblique + right internal oblique
The spinal cord ends at the level of __ where it becomes the __
L1-L2; conus medullaris
Which ligament prevents excessive posterior translation of the femur on the tibia?
ACL
Which of the following best describes a direct inguinal hernia?
Abdominal contents puncture a dysfunctional wall of the inguinal canal and travels through the superficial ring into the scrotum
Which condition below is associated with overuse and causes muscles to pull away at the periosteum of the bone?
Medial tibial stress syndrome
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system
filters blood
The peroneous longus and brevis are known to slip anteriolaterally when this structure is torn
Fibular retinaculum
Trunk Lateral Flexion occurs in the __ plane around the __ axis.
Frontal; anterior-posterior
Which of the following muscles is NOT considered a border of the sub-occipital triangle?
Rectus capitis posterior minor
The __ is the medial floor of the femoral triangle while the __ is the lateral floor
Pectineus; iliopsoas
Which sacroiliac ligament is responsible for limiting counternutation?
Posterior (dorsal) sacroiliac ligament
The thick muscular layer of the vasculature is called the __ and is larger in __ compared to __
Tunica media; arteries; veins
Facets in the thoracic spine are oriented in which plane?
frontal plane
Which of the following structures does not insert on the Pes Anserine
Iliotibial (IT) band
Patient presents with hip flexor weakness. Results from your lower extremity manual muscle testing indicted that knee extension was strong (5/5), however hip adduction was also found to be weak. What is most likely the involved structure
L2 nerve root
A majority of the lymph returned to venous circulation is returned via the __ venous angle which is supplied by the __ duct
Left; thoracic
Which muscle is not innervated by the deep peroneal nerve?
Flexor digitorum longus
The Gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the ___ and receives blood from the __ artery
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1); superior gluteal artery
The adductor __ receives dual innervation from the __ nerve as well as the __ nerve.
Magnus; obturator; sciatic
Pes planus is associated with __
Instability of the foot
The internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve, obturator internus, and nerve to obturator interus all pass through which structure?
Lesser sciatic foramen
Patient presents in clinic with limited ability to dorsiflex their right ankle, as well as a lack of sensation in the web spacing between the 1st and 2nd toe of their right foot. Upon evaluation, you recognize their ability to extend their great to on their right foot is also limited. With this information you suspect the patient impinged their __
Deep peroneal nerve
Which series of blood vessels is in the correct order with respect to blood flow?
Anterior tibial artery>dorsal pedal artery> arcuate artery
A middle-aged male patient comes into your clinic walking with a limp. He complains of pain about 4-7cm from the heel posteriorly, and says sometimes it acts up when he plays tennis. You suspect it may be achilles tendinopathy or an achilles tendon rupture. Which of the following would NOT be included as part of a physical exam that would help confirm your preliminary diagnosis?
Varus stress test
