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Anatomy > lower limb > Flashcards

lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Achilles tendinopathy causes

A

overuse and poor biomechanics

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2
Q

achilles tendinopathy physical exam

A

pain with palpation, pain at rest more likely, swelling around tendon, RIMT to plantar flexion

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3
Q

achilles tendinosis

A

degeneration

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4
Q

achilles tendinitis

A

inflammation

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5
Q

biomechanics that can cause achilles tendinopathy

A

pes clavus and pes Planus

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6
Q

achilles tendon rupture physical exam

A

decrease in active plantar flexion, inflammation/bruising, Thompson test

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7
Q

common achilles tendon rupture history

A

someone kicked me, Middle Ages male athlete, pivoting and running, burst jumping

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8
Q

where does achilles tendon rupture occur

A

2 inches above the heel

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9
Q

thompson test

A

squeeze gastro/soleus and plantar flexion will occur, if achilles tendon is torn no flexion will occur

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10
Q

syndesmosis ligament sprains (high ankle) history

A

“turned ankle” (lateral rotation) and excessive dorsiflexion

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11
Q

syndesmosis ligament sprains physical exam

A

swelling/edema, decrease ROM, point tenderness

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12
Q

lateral ligament sprain history

A

“turned ankle”, common

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13
Q

lateral ligament sprain- ligaments

A

anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular

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14
Q

anterior talofibular ligament (LLS) causes injury

A

plantar flexed and inverted

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15
Q

calcaneofibular (LLS) causes

A

in neutral then excessively inverted

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16
Q

posterior talofibular (LLS) physical exam

A

swelling/edema, decreases ROM, point tenderness, high and low arch

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17
Q

0 degree dorsiflexion

A

planti grade

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18
Q

medial ligament sprain history

A

“turned ankle”, eversion
rare- tibionavicular, anterior tibiotalar, tibiocaneal

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19
Q

medial ligament sprain physical exam

A

swelling/edma, decreased ROM, point tenderness, low arch

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20
Q

plantar fasciosis history

A

overuse, poor biomechanics, due to small tears and stretching of planter fascia

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21
Q

plantar fasciosis risk factors

A

flat and high arch, obesity, sudden weight gain, and gastro/soleus and hamstring tightness

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22
Q

plantar fasciosis physical exam

A

pain with palpation, morning pain, high/low arch, hypo mobility of 1st metatarsal

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23
Q

out of gastro/soleus, hamstring, or BMI which one is the number 1 risk factor

A

gastro/soleus

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24
Q

arterial supply starting at femoral artery

A

femoral artery –> popliteal artery –> A. tibial artery or P.tibial artery —-> A. - dorsal pedal or P. M/L plantar artery

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25
Q

femoral artery is also known as

A

peroneal artery

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26
Q

arcuate artery of foot is also known as

A

Doral arch

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27
Q

3 bones that make up the hip

A

ilium, ischium, and pubic

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28
Q

subluxing

A

comes out of socket and returns back

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29
Q

dislocation

A

does not go back into socket

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30
Q

ilium pubic bone and the ischium make up the

A

innominate

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31
Q

socket and femoral head is lined with

A

hyaline and fibro cartilage

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32
Q

the surface of the acetabulum is covered in

A

hyaline cartilage

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33
Q

the periphery of the acetabulum is covered by

A

rim of fibrocartilage

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34
Q

acetabulum labrum is covered in

A

covered in fibrocartilidge,

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35
Q

labrum provides what

A

proprioception, stability, and cushioning

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36
Q

labral tears can result from

A

injury or dislocation of hip joint, “wear and tear” from repetitive movement (twisting or pivoting), and degeneration (osteoarthritis)

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37
Q

labral tears occur where

A

1 and 2 on the right side
10 and 11 on the left side

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38
Q

with labral tears there may be

A

locking, clicking or catching sensation in joint, pain in hip or groin, stiffness or limited range of motion

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39
Q

coxa femoral joint has how many degrees of freedom

A

3 degrees- ball and socket joint

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40
Q

articular capsule is taut when it is placed in what position

A

extension and internal rotation

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41
Q

a strong and dense, forms a cylindrical sleeve that encloses the hip joint and most of the neck of femur

A

fibrous capsule

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42
Q

coxa joints 3 degrees of freedom are

A

flexion/extention, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation

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43
Q

where is the articular capsule attached

A

proximally to the edge of acetabulum and transverse acetabular ligament, distally to neck of femur

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44
Q

the capsule is reinforced by

A

intra articular ligaments and taut in full

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45
Q

increase capsular laxity could result in increase stress to ____ and ____

A

labrum and articular surface

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46
Q

pubofemoral ligament

A

limits extension and limits abduction

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47
Q

iliofemoral ligament

A

limits extension, limits medial rotation, and helps maintain an erect posture

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48
Q

ischiofemoral ligament

A

limits extension and limits internal rotation

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49
Q

ligaments teres

A

limits adduction, flexion, and external rotation

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50
Q

what does the ligaments teres artery do

A

supplies blood flow to the head of the femur in childhood

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51
Q

movement at the hip joints

A

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation

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52
Q

main flexor of the hip

A

iliopsoas

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53
Q

main extensor at the hip

A

gluteus maximus

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54
Q

When walking what muscle is being recruited the most

A

hamstrings

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55
Q

when running, jumping, sprinting what muscle is being recruited the most

A

glute max

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56
Q

main adductor muscle in hip

A

adductor Magnus

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57
Q

main abductor of the hip

A

glue medius

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58
Q

main medial rotator of the hip

A

glute minimus

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59
Q

main lateral rotation of the hip

A

glute max

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60
Q

pelvis region includes

A

ilium, ischium, and pubic bone

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61
Q

obturator foramen

A

obturator nerve, artery, and vein go through (the lower hole by the ischium of the pelvis)

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62
Q

the coxafemoral joint has how many degrees of freedom

A

3 degrees ( frontal, transverse, sagittal)

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63
Q

coxafemoral joint is what kind of joint

A

ball and socket

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64
Q

is the coxafemoral joint stabile?

A

yes, not a lot of subluxation or dislocations

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65
Q

hip socket is

A

acetabulum

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66
Q

covers 25% of humeral head

A

glenoid fossa

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67
Q

which is higher in subluxation/ dislocations coxafemoral joint or glenohumeral joint

A

glenohumeral due to overlapping of the socket

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68
Q

covered in hyaline cartilage, surrounds socket and femoral head, periphery is covered by fibrocartilage

A

acetabulum

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69
Q

acetabular labrum

A

fibrocartilage, horseshoe-shaped, covered in hyaline cartilage,

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70
Q

fibrocartilage of the acetabular labrum has what functions

A

provides stability, cushion, and proprioception

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71
Q

osteoarthritis of the hip

A

initial labral tear leads to frictions between femoral head and acetabulum that leads to wearing down of hyalin cartilage at femoral head

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72
Q

labral tears result from (3)

A

injury to or dislocation of hip, “wear and tear” , degeneration

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73
Q

a patient complains about groin pain with clicking and subjective pain associated with it as well as locking and limited ROM of hip joint then it could be a

A

labral tear

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74
Q

what part typically tears at the coxafemoral joint and why

A

anterior superior labrum because of pivoting and twisting

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75
Q

articular capsule of the hip joint

A

fibrous capsule that is strong and dense, forms a cylindrical sleeve that encloses the hip joint and most of the neck of femur

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76
Q

the articular capsule of the hip joint is reinforced by

A

intra articular ligaments and taut in hip extension an internal rotation

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77
Q

what can cause stress to labrum and articular surface

A

increase capsular laxity

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78
Q

Capsule from margins of acetabulum to neck of femur do what

A

Holds synovial membrane in place

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79
Q

intra articular ligaments are the (4)

A

pubofemoral
iliofemoral
ischiofemoral
ligamentus teres

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80
Q

what does the pubofemoral ligament do

A

limits extension and abduction

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81
Q

what does the iliofemoral ligament do

A

limits extension
limits medial rotation
helps have erect posture

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82
Q

intertrochanteric line

A

head of femur with a long attachment of tendon

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83
Q

what does the ischiofemoral ligament do

A

limits extension and limits medial/internal rotation

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84
Q

the ischiofemoral wraps around where

A

front of femur

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85
Q

what does the ligaments teres do

A

limits adduction
limits flexion
limits external rotation
provides hip stabilization

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86
Q

ligaments teres location

A

acetabulum socket to head of femur

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87
Q

what artery supplies blood to the head of femur ONLY in childhood

A

ligamentus teres artery

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88
Q

ligaments teres medial and lateral circumflex arteries supply what

A

neck and head of femur in adulthood

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89
Q

a strain is

A

muscle over lengthen

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90
Q

a sprain is

A

tears of the muscle ( tendon over lengthen)

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91
Q

fascia lata

A

aka deep fascia covering muscle groups (whole thigh), tough connective tissue

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92
Q

iliotibial band/tract

A

thickening/hardening part of the fascia lata, iliac tubercle to gervis tubercle

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93
Q

iliotibial band syndrome

A

excessive friction on lateral epicondyle that creates pain on the lateral knee

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94
Q

anterior muscles include

A

psoas major
pectineus
adductor longus/brevis
quadriceps
sartorius

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95
Q

psoas major

A

one of the main hip flexors, to stretch bring hip into extension

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96
Q

pectineus

A

spirorami of pectineal line of femur, hip flexor and adductor

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97
Q

linea aspera

A

bony portion going down posterior side of femur

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98
Q

adductor longus/brevis

A

innervated by the obturator nerve

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99
Q

quadriceps

A

extend knee and flexes hip

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100
Q

sartorius

A

flexes hip, abducts hip, externaly rotates hip ( figure 4 position/ criss cross legs)

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101
Q

adductor muscles

A

adductor brevis and longus
adductor magnus
gracilis

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102
Q

adductor muscles are ___ to the hip joint

A

anterior

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103
Q

adductor hiatus

A

hole in adductor Magnus where the femoral artery and vein goes through

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104
Q

femoral artery goes from

A

anterior part of thigh, adductor hiatus, posterior part of thigh, popliteal fossa then turns into popliteal artery and vein

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105
Q

gracilis

A

attaches to Pes anserine

106
Q

how many muscles attach to pet anserine and which ones

A

gracilis, semitendinous and sartorius

107
Q

abductor muscles

A

tensile fascia lata
glute max
iliotibial band
glute med
glute min

108
Q

glute medius

A

main abductor, external rotation, main stabilizer of the coxafemoral joint

109
Q

glute minimus

A

attaches to greater trochanter, abducts and internal rotation of hip

110
Q

glute minimus and medius are part of what nerve

A

superior gluteal nerve

111
Q

glute max borders

A

superior- greater trochanter and PSIS
inferior- coccyx to ischial tuberosity

112
Q

hamstrings

A

one of the main flexors of knee

113
Q

deep posterior muscles

A

obturator externus
gemellus superior/inferior
obturator internus
quadratus femoris

114
Q

most inferior deep posterior muscle

A

quadratis femoris

115
Q

hip replacement with a posterior approach could cause what

A

drop foot because moving piriformis could hurt the common peroneal nerve

116
Q

bursas behave like

A

contractile lesions (stretching or contraction causes pain)

117
Q

trochanteric bursa are where

A

gluteus minimus
sub gluteus max
sub gluteus medius

118
Q

trochanteric bursitis causes

A

repeated movement like climbing stairs, sleeping on same side, overrecruiting glutes, falling on hip by greater trochanter

119
Q

what muscle is most affected by bursitis

A

sub gluteus maximus

120
Q

ischial bursitis

A

between hamstring origin and ischial tuberosity

121
Q

ischial bursitis causes

A

overuse
trauma
running/jumping
prolonged sitting

122
Q

how to tell ischial bursitis

A

tenderness of ischial tuberosity, pain when weightbearing, and pain with contraction of hip extensors

123
Q

iliopectineal bursitis causes

A

same as ischial bursitis

124
Q

how to tell iliopectineal bursitis

A

tenderness to femoral triangle
pain when power walking and running
pain with resistive hip flexion and adductions

125
Q

greater sciatic foramen- superior to piriformis

A

superior gluteal vessels and superior gluteal nerve

126
Q

greater sciatic foramen- inferior to piriformis

A

pudendal nerve, sciatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous, nerve to obturator internus and quadrates femoris

127
Q

sacral plexus comes out from

A

inferior to piriformis

128
Q

pudenal nerve flow

A

inferior to piriformis, wraps around, and goes backin to the lesser sciatic Foramen

129
Q

lesser sciatic foramen

A

internal pudendal vessels
pudenal vessels
obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus

130
Q

pudendal nerve affects

A

sensation of external genitalis and anus, some muscles of pelvis

131
Q

obturator internus flow

A

from obtruator membrane, lesser sciatic Foramen, to greater trochanter

132
Q

trendelenberg sign

A

weakness and absence of hip abductor mechanism, hip drop on contralateral side

133
Q

what muscle makes sure pelvis is level

A

glute medius

134
Q

floor of femoral triangle

A

lateral: iliopsoas
medial: pectinous

135
Q

borders of femoral triangle

A

superior: inguinal ligament
lateral: sartorius
medial: adductor longus

136
Q

femoral hernia

A

loop of intestine forces out through femoral triangle due to weakness or tear in abdominal wall: risk of strangulation

137
Q

inferior vena cava splits into

A

common iliac vein left and right, then becomes external iliac vein then the femoral vein

138
Q

aponeurosis from anterior iliac spine forms what

A

canal

139
Q

inguinal hernia

A

abdominal contents (intestines) want to go into the deep ring to the inguinal canal (indirect hernia) and eventually the scrotum

140
Q

direct hernia

A

abdominal contents go directly to superficial ring and eventually could go into scrotum

141
Q

femoral hernia

A

abdominal contents go into femoral triangle- can compress femoral nerve - extreme pain in groin

142
Q

sports hernia

A

tear of covering of inguinal canal

143
Q

supplies most of the blood to head and neck of femur, can be torn in femoral neck fracture or hip dislocations

A

medial circumflex

144
Q

comes out of the internal iliac artery

A

superior and inferior gluteal arteries and obturator artery

145
Q

legg- calve-perches disease

A

injury to ligamentus teres artery - femoral head does not get nutrition- necoris/fracture- total hip replacement

146
Q

blood supply of hip starting at the aorta

A

aorta - common iliac artery- internal and external iliac artery - internal splits into 2- external iliac artery goes under inguinal ligament and canal and femoral triangle - splits into superfical and Deep femoral artery - superficial becomes popliteal artery

147
Q

venous system starting at inferior vena cava

A

left and right common iliac vein
external and internal iliac vein
internal- branches of S/I iliac vein, pudendal, obtruator vein
external - femoral vein
superficial and deep femoral veins
deep- blood to posterior vein
superficial- becomes popliteal vein

148
Q

superficial veins are in the

A

hypodermis

149
Q

great saphenous vein

A

runs medially in lower leg and empties into femoral vein

150
Q

small saphenous vein

A

lower leg posterior side and empties into popliteal vein through popliteal fossa to femoral vein

151
Q

2 deep inguinal lymph nodes

A

vertical in orientation, lateral to great saphenous vein, main collectors of the lymph nodes

152
Q

superficial lymph nodes dumps into…..then….

A

superficial lymph nodes- deep nodes- external iliac nodes- vessels -venous angle to bring back some to venous system

153
Q

popliteal lymph nodes

A

drains lymph into deep inguinal lymph nodes- external lymph nodes- venous angle (towards subclavian vein)- into venous system

154
Q

signs/symptoms of hip osteoarthritis

A

joint pain, morning stiffness lasting less than 60 minutes, loss of function, mian with nothing, antalgic gait, bony enlargement at affected joints, limited ROM

155
Q

hip osteoarthritis causes

A

hyalin cartilage is worn down from excessive friction and labral tears

156
Q

crackling/graveling sound

A

crepitus

157
Q

painful gait

A

antalgic gait

158
Q

where are the 2 articulation of the knee joint

A

between patella and femur
between femoral and tibial condyles

159
Q

where is the meniscus

A

between tibia and femoral condyles

160
Q

sesamoid bone in quadriceps tendon

A

patella

161
Q

patella function

A

biomechanics advantage for pull of quads by increasing distance of quads from axis of knee

162
Q

what attaches to the apex of patella

A

patellar tendon

163
Q

normal sulcus angle

A

128 degrees

164
Q

if femoral condyles make an angle of 145 degrees, patella has a higher chance of what

A

dislocation

165
Q

where does the patella normally dislocate and why

A

laterally because there are not condyles to keep it in place

166
Q

patellar movement

A

knee flexion- patella inferiorly glides
knee extension- patella superiorly glides

167
Q

articular capsule of knee

A

strong fibrous capsule, especially where it forms instrinsic and extrinsic ligaments which are continuous with the fibrous capsule

168
Q

what does the articular capsule of the knee not include

A

ACL and PCL

169
Q

synovial capsule of knee

A

-lines the inner aspect of the fibrous capsule
-more extensive than nay other joint

170
Q

what happens when the knee is inflamed

A

synovial fluid increases and aspirate fluid to relieve pressure, remove blood that has entered the joint

171
Q

why would you aspirate the knee

A

if the joint is swollen the capsule can push on nerves and causes pain

172
Q

knee ligaments

A

-patellar ligament
-fibular collateral ligament
-tibial collateral ligament
-oblique popliteal ligament
-arcuate popliteal ligament

173
Q

extracapsular ligaments

A

-patellar ligament/tendon
-lateral collateral ligament
-medial collateral ligament
- oblique popliteal ligament
-arcuate popliteal ligament

174
Q

patellar ligament

A

strong band continuation from quad tendon, runs from patella to tibial tuberosity, helps generate force

175
Q

osgood schlatter disease

A

patellar ligament is overly recruited in childhood and it pulls on insertion of the ligament bone is added to try to adapt= more pain

176
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A

head of fibula to lateral epicondyle, prevents excessive varus movement

177
Q

varus

A

distal end of joint pointing in (bowlegged <>)

178
Q

valgus

A

distal end of joint point out (knocked knees ><)

179
Q

how is LCL injured example

A

football player squatting and being tackled so someone hitting medial knee and pushing outward

180
Q

medial collateral ligament

A

strong flat band, continuous with tendon of adductor Magnus, deep fibers are attached to medial meniscus and fibrous capsule of knee joint

181
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A

disruption of lateral side of knee joint, common peroneal nerve wraps around head of fibula, resists varus stress

182
Q

LCL does what

A

stabilizes lateral knee and limits external rotation of knee

183
Q

what happens if LCL tears

A

head of fibula can tear off, common peroneal nerve can also be stretched which can cause drop foot,

184
Q

how to determine if LCL is in tact

A

varus test- put lower extremity in 30 degrees and create varus stress in knee

185
Q

MCL does what

A

prevents disruption of medial side of knee joint , resists against valgus stresses, external tibia rotation and resist translation of tibia anterior on femur

186
Q

what is the unhappy triad

A

ACL,MCL, and meniscus

187
Q

what happens if the MCL is torn

A

meniscus and ACL may also be damaged due to the MCL being attached to medial meniscus

188
Q

oblique popliteal ligament

A

lateral condyle and epicondyle of femur to posterior medial tibial condyle
- reinforces posteriormedial knee

189
Q

arcuate popliteal ligament

A

head of fibula to lateral epicondyle and the oblique popliteal ligament
- strengths capsule posterior lateral

190
Q

intracapsular (intrinsic) knee ligaments

A

ACL
PCL
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus
coronary ligaments
transverse ligaments

191
Q

Cruciate ligaments of knee joint

A

essental to the anteroposterior stability of the knee joint- especially when flexed
- prevents excessive anterior or posterior movement of knee

192
Q

cruciate ligaments join what

A

tibia and femur

193
Q

ACL

A

weaker ligament, slack when knee is flexed and taut when fully extended

194
Q

ACL function

A

prevent excessive anterior movement of tibia on the femur, provides valgus stability
prevents excess IR/ER of tibia

195
Q

ACL injury causes

A

-MCL tear
- excessive anterior movement of tibia on femur
- hyperextension of knee
- excess IR/ER of tibia

196
Q

ACL injury test

A

anterior drawer test

197
Q

gastrocnemius muscle affect on ACL

A

gastro has more protective effect on PCL bc of orgin and insertion guards tibia from moving posteriorly

198
Q

PCL

A

-stronger ligament
-rarely torn
-tightens during flexion of the knee

199
Q

PCL function

A

-prevents hyper flexion of knee (stabilizes femur when going downhill
- prevents anterior displacement of the femur on tibia

200
Q

PCL injury causes

A

-knee flexed and superior tibia is struck
- tibia is driven posterioir on femur
- knee joint is severely hyperflexed

201
Q

PCL injury test

A

posterior drawer test

202
Q

coronary ligaments

A

capsular fibers that attach the menisci to the tibial condyles

203
Q

transverse ligament of the knee

A

joins the anterior edges of the 2 menisci, goes through the menisci horns

204
Q

menisci function

A

stability, cushion, proprioception and acts as a shocket absorber

205
Q

peripheral margins of menisci are ____ and interior portions are _____

A

vascularize, avascular

206
Q

medial meniscus

A

bigger, C-shaped, firmly attached to deep surface of MCL, more likely to tear

207
Q

lateral meniscus

A

smaller, horseshoe shaped, very moveable/adaptable, popliteus muscle seperates it from LCL, harder to treat becuase it moves more

208
Q

outer (anterior) of menisci is

A

1/3, vascular, injury here can be reattached

209
Q

inner of menisci

A

2/3, avascular, low chance of repair

210
Q

common mode of injury for menisci

A

pivoting and twisting when leg is flexed

211
Q

what can happen if medial mensci detaches from fibrous capsule

A

knee can be in a “locked” flexed position

212
Q

menisci injury test

A

thessalys test

213
Q

what can be used for a ACL/PCL graft

A

part of hamstring to patellar ligament

214
Q

bursae around the knee that are connected

A

supra patellar (quads)
popliteus bursa
gastrocnemius bursa

215
Q

most important bursa of knee

A

suprapatellar bursa

216
Q

suprapatellar bursa

A

articulates menu attaches to bursa and when contracted bursa moves up, when relaxed bursa moves down
decreases friction between quads and femur

217
Q

popliteus bursa

A

decreases friction between popliteus and lateral femoral condyle

218
Q

Pes anserine bursa

A

between SGT (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosis)

219
Q

housemaids knee

A

inflamed subcutaneous pre patellar bursa

220
Q

subcutaneous prepatellar bursa

A

between skin and anterior surface of patella, allows movement of skin over patella when flex/ext of knee

221
Q

subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis

A

between skin and patellar ligament, allows skin to glide over tibial tuberosity and withstand pressure when kneeling with trunk upright

222
Q

clergymans knee

A

infrapatellar inflammation and occurs in roofer/floor tilers

223
Q

knee extension is due to what muscle

A

quads (femoral nerve L2-L4)

224
Q

knee flexion is due to what muscles

A

bicep femoris, semitendin and semi membran (sciatic nerve- tibial nerve)

225
Q

lateral rotation of femur is what muscles

A

popliteal muscles (popliteus)

226
Q

open kinematic chain activity

A

body prefers to move tibia, distallimb is not fixed against stable surface

227
Q

when knee is locked what happens (open chain)

A

tibia is externally rotates

228
Q

when the knee is unlocked what happens (open chain)

A

popliteus is recruited by internally rotating tibia or externally rotating femur

229
Q

closed kinematic chain

A

distal part of limb is fixed against a stable surface, body moves the femur

230
Q

how does the knee unlock in a closed chain

A

popliteus muscle externally rotates the femur

231
Q

chondromalacia patella

A

softening of cartilage ,rubs agaisnt the femur instead of gliding

232
Q

what causes cohndromalacia patella

A

bone mislaignment or muscle imbalance

233
Q

creates popliteal fossa

A

bicep femoris going to tibial head
semimemb and semitend going to proximal tibia
heads of gastro on medial and lateral sides

234
Q

contents of popliteal fossa

A

small saphenous vein
popliteal arteries and veins
tibial and common fibular nerves
posterior cutaneous nerves of thigh
popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels

235
Q

arterial supply to knee

A

femoral artery- popliteal artery- genicular artery- genicular anastomosis

236
Q

geni means

A

knee

237
Q

angulation of knee -normal

A

185 - slightly valgus

238
Q

angulation of knee - genus varus bowleg

A

<175, patella moves laterally when leg is extended

239
Q

angluation of knee- genus valgus

A

> 185, more tensile stress on medial side, more compressive stress on lateral side

240
Q

tensile stress

A

when you pull apart attached surfaces

241
Q

osteoarthritis of knee would lead to varus or valgus?

A

varus- medial compression and lateral tensile

242
Q

components of the ankle/foot complex

A

28 bones, 25 joints
rear, mid, and forefoot

243
Q

body weight when walking, running and jumping

A

walking- 1.2.x
running- 2x
jumping- 5x

244
Q

rear foot consists of

A

distal tibiofibular joint
talocrural joint
subtalar joint

245
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint:

A

between tibia and fibula
dosriflexion and plantar flexion

246
Q

talocrural joint

A

between tibia dn fibula with talus
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

247
Q

subtalar joint

A

between talus and calcaneus
inversion and eversion

248
Q

mid foot is also known as

A

choparts joint

249
Q

main midfoot joints

A

talocaneonavicular and calceocuboid

250
Q

what do the main midfoot joints do

A

supination (planter flex, invert, and adducts) and pronation (dorsiflex, eversion, and abduction)

251
Q

forefoot contains

A

tarsometatarsal joint
inter metatarsal
metatarsophalangeal
interphalangeal

252
Q

ankle ligaments

A

anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior inferioridistalfibular liga
poserior talofib
calcaneus navicular ligament

253
Q

Anterior inferior (distal) tibiofibular ligament

A

Tears with high ankle strains

254
Q

Anterior talofibular

A

Most common ligament to tear/sprain at ankle/foot

255
Q

Posterior inferior (distal) tibiofibular ligament

A

-Part of ligaments surrounding tibia and fibular distally
-Can tear with high ankle strain

256
Q

Calcaneus navicular ligament (aka spring ligament)

A

-Calcaneus to navicular bone
-Important for stability of medial arch

257
Q

4 deltoid ligaments

A

anterior tibiotalar
tibiocalcaneal
posterior tibiotalar
tibionavicular

258
Q

long plantar ligament

A

calcaneus to cuboid bone

259
Q

fibular retinaculum

A

holds brevis and longus in place

260
Q

spring ligament

A

Important for stability of medial arch

261
Q

Long plantar ligament

A

-Calcaneus to cuboid to 2nd-4th metatarsal heads (with extensions
-Stabilizes arch laterally w/ short one

262
Q

short plantar ligament

A

-Calcaneus to cuboid
-Stabilizes arch laterally w/ long one

Anatomy (6 decks)

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