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Anatomy Lecture Test 1 > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structural units of the spinal column?

A
  1. Vertebrae
  2. Sacrum
  3. Coccyx
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2
Q

What are the four curvatures of the spine?

A
  1. Cervical Lordosis
  2. Thoracic Kyphosis
  3. Lumbar Lordosis
  4. Sacral Kyphosis
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3
Q

What does Lordosis mean?

A

Extension of the spine

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4
Q

What does Kyphosis mean?

A

Flexion of the spine

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5
Q

What are the functions of the spinal curvature?

A
  1. flexibility
  2. support
  3. protection
  4. shock absorption
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6
Q

Why is C1 special?

A

C1 is the atlas and has no vertebral body and spinous process

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7
Q

Why is C2 special?

A

C2 is the axis and absorbs the C1 vertebral body to form the dens during development

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8
Q

What is special about the cervical vertebral bodies on C3-C7?

A

They have an uncinate process (a hook shape)

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9
Q

Why is C7 special?

A

It does not have a bifurcated spinous process like C3-C6

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10
Q

Label the cervical vertebrae.

A

A. Spinous Process
B. Vertebral Foramen
C. Superior Articular Facet
D. Posterior Tubercle
E. Anterior Tubercle
F. Groove for Spinal Nerve
G. Body
H. Uncinate Process
I. Transverse Process
J. Transverse Foramen
K. Superior Articular Process
L. Lamina
M. Pedicle

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11
Q

What are the five unique thoracic vertebrae?

A

T1
T9
T10
T11
T12

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12
Q

Why are T1, and T9-T12 special?

A

They have superior/inferior rib demi-facets and they articulate with the ribs

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13
Q

Label the thoracic vertebrae…

A

A. Body
B. Superior Costal Facet
C. Pedicle
D. Angle of Articular Facet
E. Transverse Costal Facet
F. Lamina
G. Spinous Process
H. Superior Articular Facet
I. Superior Vertebral Notch
J. Vertebral Foramen
K. Transverse Process
L. Inferior Articular Process
M. Inferior Vertebral Notch
N. Inferior Costal Facet

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14
Q

Which vertebrae has the largest vertebral body?

A

Lumbar

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15
Q

What is special about the lumbar vertebrae osteology?

A
  • The superior/ inferior articular processes have a mammillary process
  • The transverse process has an accessory process
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16
Q

Label the lumbar vertebrae…

A

A. Vertebral Body
B. Superior Articular Facet
C. Superior Articular Process
D. Mammillary Process
E. Spinous Process
F. Lamina
G. Accessory Process
H. Transverse Process
I. Pedicle
J. Vertebral Foramen

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17
Q

What attaches the the dorsal surface of the sacrum?

A

Multifidi

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18
Q

What attaches to the ventral surface of the sacrum?

A

Piriformis

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19
Q

What is the sacral foramina used for?

A

It is an exit of dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves

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20
Q

Label the sacrum…

A

A. Coccyx
B. Coccygeal Cornu
C. Sacrul Hiatus
D. Sacrul Cornu
E. Median Sacral Crest
F. Lateral Sacral Crest
G. Sacral Foramina
H. Sacral Tuberosity
I. Entrance to Sacral Canal
J. Articular Process
K. Sacral Curve
L. Articular Surface
M. Sacral Promontory
N. Base
O. Transverse Lines
P. Apex
Q. Ala

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21
Q

The atlanto-occipital joint attaches in what two places?

A
  1. Superior articular facet
  2. Occipital condyle
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22
Q

The atlanto-occipital joint helps produce what motion?

A

“YES”

23
Q

The atlanto-odontoid joint attaches in what two places?

A
  1. Transverse ligament of the atlas
  2. Dens of axis
24
Q

The atlanto-odontoid joint helps produce what motion?

A

“NO”

25
Q

The atlanto-axial joint attaches in what two places?

A
  1. Inferior articular facet of atlas
  2. Superior articular facet of axis
26
Q

Does the atlanto-axial joint have a disc?

A

NO

27
Q

What is between vertebral bodies in the cervical spine?

A

Intervertebral discs; uncovertebral joints (synovial lined structure between the uncinate process)

28
Q

How are the disc named?

A

According to the superior vertebra
- Example: C4 disk is between C4 and C5

29
Q

Where is your anatomical landmark for counting cervical vertebrae?

A

The Dens

30
Q

What is the difference between a T1 image and a T2 image?

A

T1 - Fat is white (subcutaneous tissue)
T2 - Fat and water are white

31
Q

What section of the spine has the thinnest disc?

A

Thorascic

32
Q

Costovertebral Joints articulate with ____.

A

The ribs and are found in the thoracic region

33
Q

Costotransverse joints articulate with ____.

A

Rib tubercles and are found in the thoracic region

34
Q

When counting thoracic vertebrae on an image where do you have to start?

A

The dens of C2

35
Q

What part of the spine has the thickest disc?

A

The lumbar

36
Q

When counting lumbar vertebrae on a scan where do you start?

A

From the lowest rub counting down
- in 10% of the population that is L6

37
Q

L5/L6 inferior articular facets and superior articular facets of the sacrum make what kind of joint?

A

Facet joint

38
Q

Describe the structure of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament…

A

Broad caudally and narrow cranially

39
Q

Describe the structure of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament…

A

Narrow caudally and broad cranially

40
Q

What does a narrow caudal PPL cause?

A

lumbar disc herniation

41
Q

What is the purpose of the intervertebral foramen?

A

For spinal nerves to exit, eliminates the need for a pedicle

42
Q

The spinous process has the supraspinous ligament and the interspinous ligament, where do they sit in relation to one another?

A

Interspinous ligament is deep to the supraspinous ligament

43
Q

What ligament is attached to the lamina?

A

Ligamentum Flavum

44
Q

What ligament is attached to the transverse process?

A

Intertransverse Ligament

45
Q

The cervical region has what special membrane?

A

Tectorial membrane: specialized posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical region

46
Q

What structures are anterior/deep to the tectorial membrane?

A
  1. Transverse Ligament of the Atlas
  2. Apical Ligament
  3. Alar Ligament
47
Q

What Ligament runs from C6 to the external occipital protuberance?

A

Ligament Nuchae (supraspinous ligament)

48
Q

What makes up a functional spinal unit?

A

Adjacent two vertebrae and 3 joints

49
Q

What is in the anterior column of a functional spinal unit?

A

The vertebral bodies and intervertebral disc

50
Q

The anterior column of the spine aids in ______ of motion.

A

degrees; accept in the cervical region

51
Q

The anterior column of the spine withholds _____% of stress along the spine.

A

70

52
Q

What is in the anterior column of a functional spinal unit?

A

Arch - Facet joints - inferior/ superior articular processes

53
Q

The posterior column of the spine aids in _____ of motion.

A

types

54
Q

The posterior column of the spine withholds ____% of stress along the spine.

A

30

Anatomy Lecture Test 1 (6 decks)

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