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Anatomy Lecture Test 1 > Back and Neck Musculature > Flashcards

Back and Neck Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the Trapezius? (3)

A
  1. Elevation
  2. Upward Rotation
  3. Adduction of Scapula
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2
Q

Trapezius (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Extrinsic back muscle
  • External occipital protuberance, ligament nuchae, spinous process C7-T12
  • Scapular spine, acromial process, lateral/ distal 1/3 of clavicle
  • Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
  • Superficial transverse cervical artery
  • Elevation, upward rotation, and adduction of scapula
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3
Q

What are the functions of the Latissimus Dorsi? (2)

A
  1. Internal rotation, Extension, and Adduction of the glenohumeral joint
  2. Accessory muscle for expiration
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4
Q

Latissimus Dorsi: Swimmers Muscle (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Extrinsic back muscle
  • Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, spinous process of T6-T12, ribs, inferior angle of scapula
  • Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus
  • Thoracodorsal nerve/ middle subscapular nerve (C6-C8)
  • Subscapular artery
  • Internal rotation, Extension, and Adduction of the glenohumeral joint, accessory muscle for expiration
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5
Q

What are the functions of the rhomboid minor? (3)

A
  • Elevation
  • Downward rotation
  • Retraction/ Adduction of scapula
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6
Q

Rhomboid Minor (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Extrinsic back muscle
  • Spinous process C7-T1
  • Medial border of scapula between superior angle and root of scapular spine
  • Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
  • Dorsal scapular artery
  • Elevation, downward rotation and retraction/ adduction of scapula
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7
Q

What are the functions of the rhomboid major? (3)

A
  • Elevation
  • Downward rotation
  • Retraction/ Adduction of scapula
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8
Q

Rhomboid Major (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Extrinsic back muscle
  • Spinous process T2-T5
  • Medial border of scapula inferior to the scapular spine
  • Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
  • Dorsal scapular artery
  • Elevation, downward rotation and retraction/ adduction of scapula
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9
Q

What is the function of the serratus posterior superior? (respiration)

A
  • Elevate upper ribs: inspiration
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10
Q

Serratus Posterior - Superior (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Extrinsic back muscle
  • Supraspinous ligament, ligament nuchae, spinous process (C7-T3)
  • Superior border of ribs 2-5
  • Intercostal nerve ventral rami (T1-T5)
  • Posterior intercostal arteries
  • Elevate upper ribs: inspiration
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11
Q

What is the function of the serratus posterior inferior? (respiration)

A
  • Depress lower ribs: expiration
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12
Q

Serratus Posterior - Inferior (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Extrinsic back muscle
  • Supraspinous ligament, spinous process (T11-L2)
  • Inferior border of ribs 9-12
  • Intercostal nerve ventral rami (T9-T12)
  • Posterior intercostal arteries
  • Depress lower ribs: expiration
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13
Q

What are the functions of the splenius capitis? (2)

A
  1. Neck/ head extension bilaterally
  2. Ipsilateral side bending and rotation of the head
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14
Q

Splenius Capitis (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Superficial intrinsic neck muscle
  • Ligament nuchae and spinous process C7-T3
  • Lateral superior nuchal line and mastoid process
  • Dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves (C2-C3)
  • Occipital artery
  • Neck/ head extension bilaterally, ipsilateral side bending and rotation of the head
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15
Q

What are the functions of the splenius cervicis? (2)

A
  1. Neck extension bilaterally
  2. Ipsilateral side bending and rotation of the neck
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16
Q

Splenius Cervicis (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Superficial intrinsic neck muscle
  • Spinous process T3-T6
  • Transverse process C3-C6
  • Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
  • Occipital artery, posterior intercostal artery
  • Neck extension bilaterally, ipsilateral side bending and rotation of the neck
17
Q

What are the functions of iliocostalis? (2)

A
  • Bilateral: back extension
  • Unilateral: ipsilateral back side bending and rotation
  • Lumborum and Thoracis: depression of rib cage, expiration
18
Q

Iliocostalis (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Superficial intrinsic back muscles: erector spinae
  • Lumborum:
    ~ Lateral erector spinae common tendon and iliac crest
    ~ Inferior border of angle of rib 6-7
  • Thoracis:
    ~ Superior angle of ribs 7-12 and medial tendon of lumborum
    ~ superior angle of ribs 1-6 and C7 transverse process
  • Cervicis:
    ~ Superior angle of ribs 3-6
    ~ Posterior tubercle of transverse process of C4-C6
  • Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
  • Blood Supply: Lumbar arteries, subcostal arteries, posterior intercostal arteries
  • Function: Bilateral: back extension; Unilateral: ipsilateral back side bending and rotation; Lumborum and Thoracis: depression of rib cage, expiration
19
Q

What are the functions of the longissimus? (2)

A
  • Bilateral: back extension; cervicis/capitis: neck and head extension
  • Unilateral: ipsilateral back side bending and rotation; cervicis/ capitis: ipsilateral rotation of neck and head
  • Thoracis: depression of rib cage, expiration
20
Q

Longissimus (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Superficial intrinsic back muscles: erector spinae
  • Only one of the ILS muscles that has a distal attachment to the cranium
  • Thoracis:
    ~ Erector spinae common tendon, thoracolumbar fascia, transverse and maxillary process of lumbar vertebrae
    ~ Transverse process of all thoracic vertebrae and the lower 9 or 10 ribs between the tubercles and angles
  • Cervicis:
    ~ Transverse process of T1-T5
    ~ Posterior tubercle of transverse process of C2-C6
  • Capitis:
    ~ Transverse process of C4-T5
    ~ Mastoid Process
  • Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
  • Blood Supply: lumbar arteries, subcostal arteries, posterior intercostal arteries
  • Function: Bilateral: back extension; cervicis/capitis: neck and head extension; Unilateral: ipsilateral back side bending and rotation; cervicis/ capitis: ipsilateral rotation of neck and head; Thoracis: depression of rib cage, expiration
21
Q

What are the functions of the spinalis? (2)

A
  • Bilateral: back extension
  • Unilateral: ipsilateral back side bending and rotation

*Erector spinae muscles behave like a group of different muscles, different components have huge variations of functions

22
Q

Spinalis (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Superficial intrinsic back muscles: erector spinae
  • Group of muscles from the sacrum to the base of the skill, lowest part merging into longissimus
  • Thoracis: blending with longissimus and deep semispinalis
    ~ Most proximally: L2 spinous process; clinically very important
    ~ Spinous process of thoracic vertebrae, 4-8 higher levels
  • Cervicis: various
    ~ Spinous process from T-T2 and ligament nuchae
    ~ Spinous process C4-C1
    -Capitis: usually merge with semispinalis capitis
    ~ Spinous process of T1/C7
    ~ Superior nuchal line with semispinalis
  • Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
  • Blood Supply: lumbar arteries, subcostal arteries, posterior intercostal arteries
  • Function: Bilateral: back extension; Unilateral: ipsilateral back side bending and rotation
23
Q

What are the functions of the multifidi? (3)

A
  • Bilateral back extension
  • Ipsilateral back side bending
  • Contralateral rotation (unilateral contaction)
24
Q

Multifidi (Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Artery, Action)

A
  • Deep intrinsic back muscle: transversospinalis
  • Core back muscle
  • Sacrum, PSIS, SI ligament, lumbar mammillary process, transverse process of T12-C4
  • Lateral aspect and tips of the spinous processes of vertebrae 2-5 levels above until C2
  • Dorsal rami of spinal nerves; various arteries at different levels
  • Back extension bilaterally,

Anatomy Lecture Test 1 (6 decks)

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