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Anatomy HK 3401 > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What is another word for the vertebral column?

A

spine

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2
Q

What is the curvature of the vertebral column in newborn?

A

Kyposis/ kyphotic

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3
Q

When do the characteristic curvatures of the adult vertebral column develop?

A

postnatal development

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4
Q

What vertebrae exhibit lordosis?

A

cervical/ lumbar

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5
Q

What vertebrae exhibit kyphosis?

A

thoracic/ sacral

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6
Q

Why is the vertebral column important?

A

houses spinal cord/ nerves

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7
Q

Where do spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal at each vertebral level?

A

Intervertebral foramina

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8
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7 = C1-C7

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9
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12 = T1-T12

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10
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5 = L1-L5

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11
Q

How many vertebrae are in sacrum?

A

5

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12
Q

How many vertebrae are in coccyx?

A

4

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13
Q

How many total vertebrae are there?

A

33

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14
Q

Why are the inferior vertebrae larger?

A

carry more weight

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15
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a typical vertebrae?

A

vertebral body/ vertebral arch/ processes

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16
Q

Where are the vertebral body/ arch relatively?

A

arch = posterior / body = anterior

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17
Q

Why are vertebral processes important?

A

allow for muscle attachment

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18
Q

What is each vertebral arch composed of?

A

2 pedicles/ 2 laminae (lamina)

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19
Q

What part of vertebrae houses spinal cord?

A

vertebral formen - foramina - canal

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20
Q

How many processes arise from vertebral arch?

A

7

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21
Q

What are the point where 2 laminae meet posteriorly called?

A

Spinous process (1x)

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22
Q

What processes arise from where pedicles/ laminae meet?

A

6 total = 3x2
Transverse/ Articular processes (superior/ inferior)

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23
Q

What procedure is done to reveal the spinal cord within the vertebral canal?

A

Laminectoomy - cutting the laminae

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24
Q

What are the 7 processes that arise from vertebral arch?

A

1x- spinous
2x- superior articular
2x- inferior articular
2x- transverse

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25
Q

What 3 structures are associated with each foramen/ the intervertebral foramina?

A

superior/ inferior vertebral notch
intervertebral disc

26
Q

Where are the cervical vertebrae?

A

neck

27
Q

Where are the thoracic vertebrae?

A

ribs

28
Q

Where are the lumbar vertebrae?

A

lower back

29
Q

What is C1 called?

A

Atlas

30
Q

What is C2 called?

A

Axis

31
Q

What is unique with atlas/ C1?

A

no body/ no spinous processes
widest transverse processes

32
Q

What is unique with axis/ C2?

A

dens/ odontoid processes (so C1 rotates)

33
Q

What is a characteristic of typical cervical vertebrae?

A

split spinous processes/ foramen of transverse processes

34
Q

Why do cervical vertebrae have foramen in transverse processes?

A

artery travels through

35
Q

What do typical thoracic vertebrae look like?

A

giraffe

36
Q

What are facets?

A

little dents for attachments

37
Q

What are unique characteristics of thoracic vertebrae?

A

long spinous processes
heart shaped bodies
facets for ribs

38
Q

What vertebrae have heart shaped bodies?

A

thoracic

39
Q

How do you remember how thoracic vertebrae accommodate the ribs?

A

ribs- have toe= head/ heel = tubercle
- toe articulates with vertebral body
- heel articulates with transverse process

40
Q

What does the head of the rib articulate with?

A

facet on body of thoracic vertebrae

41
Q

What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?

A

facet on transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

42
Q

What are characteristics of typical lumbar vertebrae?

A

large/ square spinous processes/ kidney shaped bodies

43
Q

What vertebrae have kidney shaped bodies?

A

lumbar

44
Q

What is the result of sacral vertebrae fused?

A

sacrum

45
Q

What runs down the sacrum?

A

sacral canal

46
Q

What is unique with S5?

A

lack spinous process/ laminae = opening

47
Q

What are the 3 sacral crests?

A

median/ lateral/ intermediate

48
Q

What is the medial fusion of the distal part of sacrum called?

A

sacral hiatus

49
Q

What are the lateral margins of the sacral hiatus?
- 2 small processes that extend inferiorly down hiatus

A

sacral cornua

50
Q

What is the only ligament that limits extension of the vertebral column?

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

51
Q

What is the function of posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

prevents hyperflexion of vertebral column

52
Q

What is the function of anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

limits extension of vertebral column

53
Q

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

A

permit movement between adjacent vertebral bodies

54
Q

Why are accessory ligaments important?
= interspinous/ supraspinous/ intertransverse

A

unite laminae/ TP/ SP - stabilize joints/ maintain stability

55
Q

What joint is located between superior/ inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae?

A

zygapophysial joint

56
Q

What ligament joins the tips of spinous processes?

A

supraspinous ligament

57
Q

What ligament joins adjacent spinous processes?

A

interspinous ligament

58
Q

What ligament binds adjacent transverse processes together?

A

intertransverse ligament

59
Q

What ligament (neck) is the cervical extension of supraspinous ligament?

A

ligamentum nuchae

60
Q

What ligament joins laminae of adjacent vertebrae?

A

ligamentum flava

61
Q

What are the anterior/ posterior longitudinal ligaments connected to?

A

vertebral body

Anatomy HK 3401 (7 decks)

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