Muscles of the Back

Question 1

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 1

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboid minor/ major
serratus posterior superior/ inferior

Question 2

What are the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 2

splenius
erector spinae (3x)
transversospinales (3x)
segmental group (3x)

Question 3

What is the general function of the extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 3

move upper limb/ respiratory movements

Question 4

What is the general function of the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 4

move vertebral column

Question 5

What is the innervation of the extrinsic back muscles? (not including trapezius)

Answer 5

anterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 6

What is the innervation of the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 6

posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 7

What are the deep back muscles?

Answer 7

Intrinsic

Question 8

What are the superficial back muscles?

Answer 8

Extrinsic

Question 9

What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 9

Serratus posterior superior/ inferior

Question 10

What are the 4 factors to differentiate extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 10

location/ depth/ function/ innervation

Question 11

What muscle is attached to the medial border of the scapula?

Answer 11

Rhomboids (major/ minor)

Question 12

What muscle is deep to the rhomboids?

Answer 12

serratus posterior superior
- not attached to scapula

Question 13

What muscle is deep to latissimus dorsi?

Answer 13

serratus posterior inferior

Question 14

Where does serratus posterior superior originate from?

Answer 14

spinous processes C7-T2

Question 15

Where does serratus posterior inferior originate from?

Answer 15

spinous processes T11-L2

Question 16

Where do serratus posterior superior/ inferior both insert?

Answer 16

ribs

Question 17

How does serratus posterior superior/ inferior relate to innervation?

Answer 17

= point of change
- anything deep posterior rami
- anything superficial anterior rami

Question 18

What are 4 ways to differentiate intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 18

depth/ length/ direction/ innervation

Question 19

What are the intrinsic back muscles in order from superficial to deep?

Answer 19

splenius/ erector spinae group/ transversospinal group/ segmental group

Question 20

What are the 2 parts of the splenius?

Answer 20

splenius capitus
splenius cervicis

Question 21

What is the origin of the splenius capitus/ cervicis?

Answer 21

spinous processes C3-T6

Question 22

Where does splenius capitus insert?

Answer 22

mastoid process

Question 23

Where does splenius cervicis insert?

Answer 23

transverse processes C1-C3

Question 24

What are the actions of splenius?

Answer 24

lateral flexion of head
rotate/ extend head and neck

Question 25

What is the superficial intrinsic back muscle?

Answer 25

splenius

Question 26

What are the deep intrinsic back muscles in order superficial to deep/ longest to shortest?

Answer 26

erector spinae transversospinal group segmental group

Question 27

What happens to muscle length as go deeper?

Answer 27

smaller/ shorter

Question 28

What are the 3 parts of erector spinae?

Answer 28

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

Question 29

What muscles lie in a "groove" on each side of vertebral column?

Answer 29

erector spinae

Question 30

What part of erector spinae is most lateral?

Answer 30

Iliocostalis

Question 31

What part of erector spinae is between spinalis/ iliocostalis?

Answer 31

longissimus

Question 32

What part of erector spinae is medial?

Answer 32

spinalis

Question 33

What is the common origin of erector spinae muscle group?

Answer 33

spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae sacrum iliac crest

Question 34

What is the action of erector spinae muscles?

Answer 34

extend vertebral column lateral flexion of vertebral column

Question 35

Where is the insertion of iliocostalis?

Answer 35

ribs

Question 36

Where is the insertion of longissimus?

Answer 36

transverse processes

Question 37

Where is the insertion of spinalis?

Answer 37

spinous processes

Question 38

What is the intermediate intrinsic back muscle group?

Answer 38

erector spinae

Question 39

What are the parts of tranversospinales in order superficial to deep/ longest to shortest?

Answer 39

semispinales multifidus rotatores

Question 40

What are the actions of transversospinales group?

Answer 40

extend/ rotate/ stabilize vertebral column

Question 41

What muscle is associated with proprioception?

Answer 41

rotatores of transversospinales

Question 42

What is the origin of transversospinales?

Answer 42

transverse processes

Question 43

What is the insertion of transversospinales?

Answer 43

spinous processes

Question 44

How long is semispinalis?

Answer 44

4-6 segments

Question 45

How long is multifidus?

Answer 45

2-4 segments

Question 46

How long is rotatores?

Answer 46

1-2 segments

Question 47

Is semispinalis present in lumbar region?

Answer 47

no, only cervical/ thoracic regions

Question 48

What transversospinales group runs the whole length of vertebral column?

Answer 48

multifidus

Question 49

What obscures the multifidus in cervical region?

Answer 49

semispinalis

Question 50

Where are the rotatores transversospinales most obvious?

Answer 50

thoracic region

Question 51

What are the 3 segmental group muscles?

Answer 51

Interspinales Intertransversarii Levator Costarum

Question 52

What is the action of segmental muscle group?

Answer 52

extend vertebral column lateral flex/ rotate vertebral column

Question 53

What muscle elevates the ribs in respiration?

Answer 53

levator costarum (segmental)

Question 54

What is the only intrinsic back muscle that can be innervated by anterior or posterior rami of spinal nerves?

Answer 54

intertransversarii (segmental)

Question 55

Where does levator scapulae originate from?

Answer 55

transverse processes C1-C4