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Anatomy HK 3401 > Muscles of the Back > Flashcards

Muscles of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

A

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboid minor/ major
serratus posterior superior/ inferior

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2
Q

What are the intrinsic back muscles?

A

splenius
erector spinae (3x)
transversospinales (3x)
segmental group (3x)

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3
Q

What is the general function of the extrinsic back muscles?

A

move upper limb/ respiratory movements

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4
Q

What is the general function of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

move vertebral column

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5
Q

What is the innervation of the extrinsic back muscles? (not including trapezius)

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves

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6
Q

What is the innervation of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves

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7
Q

What are the deep back muscles?

A

Intrinsic

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8
Q

What are the superficial back muscles?

A

Extrinsic

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9
Q

What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?

A

Serratus posterior superior/ inferior

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10
Q

What are the 4 factors to differentiate extrinsic back muscles?

A

location/ depth/ function/ innervation

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11
Q

What muscle is attached to the medial border of the scapula?

A

Rhomboids (major/ minor)

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12
Q

What muscle is deep to the rhomboids?

A

serratus posterior superior
- not attached to scapula

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13
Q

What muscle is deep to latissimus dorsi?

A

serratus posterior inferior

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14
Q

Where does serratus posterior superior originate from?

A

spinous processes C7-T2

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15
Q

Where does serratus posterior inferior originate from?

A

spinous processes T11-L2

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16
Q

Where do serratus posterior superior/ inferior both insert?

A

ribs

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17
Q

How does serratus posterior superior/ inferior relate to innervation?

A

= point of change
- anything deep posterior rami
- anything superficial anterior rami

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18
Q

What are 4 ways to differentiate intrinsic back muscles?

A

depth/ length/ direction/ innervation

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19
Q

What are the intrinsic back muscles in order from superficial to deep?

A

splenius/ erector spinae group/ transversospinal group/ segmental group

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20
Q

What are the 2 parts of the splenius?

A

splenius capitus
splenius cervicis

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21
Q

What is the origin of the splenius capitus/ cervicis?

A

spinous processes C3-T6

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22
Q

Where does splenius capitus insert?

A

mastoid process

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23
Q

Where does splenius cervicis insert?

A

transverse processes C1-C3

24
Q

What are the actions of splenius?

A

lateral flexion of head
rotate/ extend head and neck

25
Q

What is the superficial intrinsic back muscle?

A

splenius

26
Q

What are the deep intrinsic back muscles in order superficial to deep/ longest to shortest?

A

erector spinae
transversospinal group
segmental group

27
Q

What happens to muscle length as go deeper?

A

smaller/ shorter

28
Q

What are the 3 parts of erector spinae?

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

29
Q

What muscles lie in a “groove” on each side of vertebral column?

A

erector spinae

30
Q

What part of erector spinae is most lateral?

A

Iliocostalis

31
Q

What part of erector spinae is between spinalis/ iliocostalis?

A

longissimus

32
Q

What part of erector spinae is medial?

A

spinalis

33
Q

What is the common origin of erector spinae muscle group?

A

spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae
sacrum
iliac crest

34
Q

What is the action of erector spinae muscles?

A

extend vertebral column
lateral flexion of vertebral column

35
Q

Where is the insertion of iliocostalis?

A

ribs

36
Q

Where is the insertion of longissimus?

A

transverse processes

37
Q

Where is the insertion of spinalis?

A

spinous processes

38
Q

What is the intermediate intrinsic back muscle group?

A

erector spinae

39
Q

What are the parts of tranversospinales in order superficial to deep/ longest to shortest?

A

semispinales
multifidus
rotatores

40
Q

What are the actions of transversospinales group?

A

extend/ rotate/ stabilize vertebral column

41
Q

What muscle is associated with proprioception?

A

rotatores of transversospinales

42
Q

What is the origin of transversospinales?

A

transverse processes

43
Q

What is the insertion of transversospinales?

A

spinous processes

44
Q

How long is semispinalis?

A

4-6 segments

45
Q

How long is multifidus?

A

2-4 segments

46
Q

How long is rotatores?

A

1-2 segments

47
Q

Is semispinalis present in lumbar region?

A

no, only cervical/ thoracic regions

48
Q

What transversospinales group runs the whole length of vertebral column?

A

multifidus

49
Q

What obscures the multifidus in cervical region?

A

semispinalis

50
Q

Where are the rotatores transversospinales most obvious?

A

thoracic region

51
Q

What are the 3 segmental group muscles?

A

Interspinales
Intertransversarii
Levator Costarum

52
Q

What is the action of segmental muscle group?

A

extend vertebral column
lateral flex/ rotate vertebral column

53
Q

What muscle elevates the ribs in respiration?

A

levator costarum (segmental)

54
Q

What is the only intrinsic back muscle that can be innervated by anterior or posterior rami of spinal nerves?

A

intertransversarii (segmental)

55
Q

Where does levator scapulae originate from?

A

transverse processes C1-C4

Anatomy HK 3401 (7 decks)

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