Vertebral Collumn and Neck

Question 1

Splenius Capitus & Cervicis Origin

Answer 1

Capitus:

• lower ½ nuchal ligament
• spinous processes C7‐T3/4
• supraspinous ligament.

Cervicis:

• spinous processes T3/4‐T6

Question 2

Erector Spinae Origin

Answer 2

• broad tendon
• supraspinous ligament
• sacro‐iliac ligaments
• median sacral crest
• posterior iliac crest
• lumbar & thoracic spinous processes

Question 3

Quadratus lumborum Origin

Answer 3

Transverse process of L5 & posterior iliac crest

Question 4

Splenius Capitus & Cervicis insertion

Answer 4

Capitus:

• mastoid process
• ateral 1/3 nuchal line.

Cervicis:

• transverse processes C1‐C3

Question 5

Erector Spinae insertion

Answer 5

Iliocostalis:

• lower ribs
• cervical transverse Processes.

Longissimus:

• ribs between tubercles & transverse processes
• mastoid process.

Spinalis:

• upper thoracic spinous processes & cranium

Question 6

Quadratus lumborum insertion

Answer 6

• Lower border of 12th rib
• lumbar transverse processes L1-L4

Question 7

Splenius Capitus & Cervicis Action

Answer 7

Unilateral:

• lateral flexion
• ipsilateral rotation.

Bilateral:

• neck extension

Question 8

Erector Spinae Action

Answer 8

Action:

• Flexion, extension of vertebral column.

Function:

• prime mover of back muscles.

Question 9

Transversospinalis Action

Answer 9

• In oblique- superior & medial direction
• Extensors of back and neck

Question 10

Semispinalis- capitus, cervicis & thoracis Action

Answer 10

• Contralateral rotation of cervical region
• extension of vertebral column.

Question 11

Multifidus Action

Answer 11

• stabilise vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column and trunk

Question 12

Interspinalis Action

Answer 12

Synergist with multifidus

Question 13

Intertransversarii Action

Answer 13

• Synergist with quadratus lumborum in lateral flextion

Question 14

Quadratus lumborum Action

Answer 14

• Lateral flexion of spine
• fixator of 12th rib during respiration

Question 15

Splenius Capitus & Cervicis Nerve Supply

Answer 15

• Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 16

Erector Spinae Nerve Supply

Answer 16

• Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 17

Quadratus lumborum Nerve Supply

Answer 17

• Anterior rami of spinal nerves T12-L3/L4

Question 18

Sternocleidomastoid origin

Answer 18

• anterior surface of manubrium; superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle

Question 19

Anterior Scalene origin

Answer 19

• Superior: transverse processes of C3‐C6

Question 20

Middle scalene origin

Answer 20

• Superior: transverse processes of C5‐C7

Question 21

Posterior Scalene origin

Answer 21

• Superior: transverse processes of C5‐C7

Question 22

Sternocleidomastoid insertion

Answer 22

• mastoid process
• lateral ½ nuchal line

Question 23

Anterior Scalene insertion

Answer 23

• Inferior: 1st rib

Question 24

Middle scalene insertion

Answer 24

• Inferior: superior surface of 1st rib

Question 25

Posterior Scalene insertion

Answer 25

* Inferior: external border of second rib.

Question 26

Sternocleidomastoid nerve supply

Answer 26

Accessory nerve

Question 27

Anterior Scalene nerve supply

Answer 27

Innervation: cervical spinal nerves C4‐C6

Question 28

Middle scalene nerve supply

Answer 28

Innervation: anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

Question 29

Posterior Scalene nerve supply

Answer 29

Innervation: anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

Question 30

Sternocleidomastoid Action

Answer 30

Bilaterally: * Flexion of the head and neck * extension of the head and neck. Unilaterally: * Rotation of head to opposite side * lateral flexion

Question 31

Anterior Scalene Action and Func

Answer 31

Action & Function: flex head; accessory muscle of inspiration

Question 32

Posterior Scalene Action

Answer 32

Action & Function: flex neck laterally; accessory muscle of inspiration.

Question 33

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Action

Answer 33

Action: * extension of head * ipsilateral rotation.

Question 34

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Action

Answer 34

Action: * extension of head on atlas

Question 35

Obliquus capitis inferior Action

Answer 35

Action: "no." Unilateral: * turns head ipsilaterally. Bilateral: * extends atlas on axis

Question 36

Obliquus Capitis Superior Action

Answer 36

Action: Unilateral: * skull/C1 rotation. Bilateral: * extends head.