Movement of the Elbow and Wrist

Question 1

What type of joint is the elbow?

Answer 1

synovial hinge –> flexion and extension

Question 2

What are the articulations of the elbow joint?

Answer 2

• humero-ulnar
• humero-radial
• proximal radio-ulnar

Question 3

What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?

Answer 3

• radial collateral ligament: lat epicondyles of humerus to anular ligament of radius, prevents varus
• ulna collateral ligament: med epicondyle of humerus to coiracoid process and olecranon of ulna, prevents valgus
• anular ligaments of radius: encircles and holds radial head in radial notch of ulna

Question 4

What are the anterior arm muscles?

Answer 4

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

Question 5

Biceps brachii

Answer 5

P: Long: supraglenoid tubercle of scap. Short: coracoid process of scap
D: radial tuberosity
A: forearm supination, elbow flexion, shoulder flex, elbow flex
I: musculocutaneous

Question 6

Brachialis

Answer 6

P: ant surface distal 1/2 humerus
D: coracoid process, ulna tuberosity
A: elbow flex (prime mover)
I: musculocutaneous and radial

Question 7

Coracobrachialis

Answer 7

P: coracoid process of scap
D: middle 1/3 med surface of humerus
A: shoulder flex, add
I: musculocutaneous

Question 8

What are the muscles of the posterior arm?

Answer 8

triceps brachii, anconeus

Question 9

Triceps brachii

Answer 9

P: Long: infragenoid tubercle of scap. Lat: posterior humerus sup to radial groove. Med: post humerus inf to radial groove
D: olecranon process of ulna
A: elbow extension
I: radial

Question 10

anconeus

Answer 10

P: lat epicondyle of humerus
D: olecranon process and sup post surface of ulna
A: elbow ext, dynamic stabiliser of elbow
I: radial

Question 11

What are the muscles of the anterior forearm?

Answer 11

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator teres

Question 12

Pronator teres

Answer 12

P: med epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna
D: lat surface proximal radius
A: forearm pronation and elbow flexion
I: median nerve

Question 13

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 13

P: med epicondyle of humerus
D: palmar surface of base of 2nd metacarpal
A: wrist flexion and radial deviation (abd)
I: median

Question 14

Palmaris longus

Answer 14

P: med epicondyle of humerus
D: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
A: wrist flexion
I: median nerve

Question 15

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 15

P: med epicondyle of humerus
D: palmar durface of pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
A: wrist flexion and ulnar deviation (abd)
I: ulnar nerve

Question 16

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 16

P: med epicondyle of humerus
D: sides of shafts of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexion at wrist, metacarpalphangeal and prix interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
I: median

Question 17

Flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 17

P: prox ant med surface of ulna and IOM
D: palmar surface of base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: distal interphalangeal joint flexion of digits 2-5
I: ulna and ant interosseous nerve

Question 18

Flexor pollicis longus

Answer 18

P: ant surface radius and IOM
D: palmar surface of base of distal phalange of 1st digit
A: metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal flexion at 1st digit
I: anterior interosseous nerve

Question 19

Prontator quadratus

Answer 19

P: prox ant med surface ulna and IOM
D: palmar surface of base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: distal interphalangeal joint flexion of digits 2-5
I: ulnar and anterior interosseous nerves

Question 20

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

Answer 20

• synovial plane
• anular ligament, head of radius and radial notch of ulna
• pronation and supination

Question 21

Distal radio-ulnar joint

Answer 21

• synovial pivot

- head of ulna, ulna notch of radius, articular disc

Question 22

Wrist (radiocarpal) joint

Answer 22

• synovial condyloid
• palmar radiocarpal, dorsal radiocarpal, ulna collateral, radiocollateral
• flex and ext, radial-ulnar deviation (abd + add)