Vertebrae/Vertebral Column Flashcards
what is the lamina’s main job
to protect the spinal cord
what bones are a part of the axial skeleton
skull
vertebrae
sacrum
sternum
ribs
what germ layer forms the axial skeleton
the mesoderm
what age range is considered a fetus
9 week until birth
what age do normal spine curves begin developing
around 4 years old
idiopathic adolescent scoliosis development time frame
10-18 years old
what diseases could cause neuromuscular scoliosis
spina bifida
cerebral palsy
muscular dystrophy
when does congenital scoliosis develop
during womb development
what vertebral region is most susceptible to scoliosis
thoracic due to weakness in the trunk muscles
how is scoliosis named
by the convex side of the spine
if spine is |( | it is left scoliosis (posterior view)
what joint does the altas form with the skull
atlanto-occipital joint (OA)
what motion is C1 most responsible for
“yes”
what does the alar ligament resist
excessive rotation
what joint do C1 and C2 form
atlantoaxial-joint (AA)
what ligament holds the dens in place
transverse band of the cruciform ligament
what does the atlantoaxial-joint do
“No”
where is the most common place for spinal fractures
pars interarticularis
what are the 2 parts of a vertebral disc
anulus fibrosis
nucleus pulposus
spinal stenosis
vertebral foreman is small and pinches on the spinal cord
what is the procedure done for spinal stenosis
laminectomy
spondylosis
normal degeneration that happens anywhere in the spine with age
spondylolysis
fracture of the pars interarticularis without separation
spondylolisthesis
bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis with separation
what is a zygapophysial joint
the joint combining the inferior and superior facets
why can we not perform manipulations on the necks of RA patients
the RA attacks the transverse band of the cruciform ligament and we could rupture it
what vertebral level does the common carotid bifurcate
C4/5
what vertebral level is the hyoid at
C4
which cervical vertebrae has a groove for the spinal nerve
C5
what is the most superior vertebral disc in the body
C3
what vertebrae are considered upper cervical spine
C1 and C2
what vertebrae are considered middle cervical spine
C3, C4, and C5
what vertebrae are considered lower cervical spine
C6 and C7
what is the facet on C1 called that articulates with the dens
articular facet for odontoid process
which cervical vertebrae has the carotid tubercle
C6
which cervical vertebrae has a groove for spinal nerve
C3
which cervical vertebrae have 2 carotid arteries in their transverse foreman
C1-4 because the common carotid bifurcates at C4
what spinal level is only motor function and which spinal levels help innervate the skin in replacement?
C1 is only motor
C2 and C3 innervate the skin for the sensory component
