Vertebrae/Vertebral Column

Question 1

what is the lamina’s main job

Answer 1

to protect the spinal cord

Question 2

what bones are a part of the axial skeleton

Answer 2

skull
vertebrae
sacrum
sternum
ribs

Question 3

what germ layer forms the axial skeleton

Answer 3

the mesoderm

Question 4

what age range is considered a fetus

Answer 4

9 week until birth

Question 5

what age do normal spine curves begin developing

Answer 5

around 4 years old

Question 6

idiopathic adolescent scoliosis development time frame

Answer 6

10-18 years old

Question 7

what diseases could cause neuromuscular scoliosis

Answer 7

spina bifida
cerebral palsy
muscular dystrophy

Question 8

when does congenital scoliosis develop

Answer 8

during womb development

Question 9

what vertebral region is most susceptible to scoliosis

Answer 9

thoracic due to weakness in the trunk muscles

Question 10

how is scoliosis named

Answer 10

by the convex side of the spine

if spine is |( | it is left scoliosis (posterior view)

Question 11

what joint does the altas form with the skull

Answer 11

atlanto-occipital joint (OA)

Question 12

what motion is C1 most responsible for

Answer 12

“yes”

Question 13

what does the alar ligament resist

Answer 13

excessive rotation

Question 14

what joint do C1 and C2 form

Answer 14

atlantoaxial-joint (AA)

Question 15

what ligament holds the dens in place

Answer 15

transverse band of the cruciform ligament

Question 16

what does the atlantoaxial-joint do

Answer 16

“No”

Question 17

where is the most common place for spinal fractures

Answer 17

pars interarticularis

Question 18

what are the 2 parts of a vertebral disc

Answer 18

anulus fibrosis
nucleus pulposus

Question 19

spinal stenosis

Answer 19

vertebral foreman is small and pinches on the spinal cord

Question 20

what is the procedure done for spinal stenosis

Answer 20

laminectomy

Question 21

spondylosis

Answer 21

normal degeneration that happens anywhere in the spine with age

Question 22

spondylolysis

Answer 22

fracture of the pars interarticularis without separation

Question 23

spondylolisthesis

Answer 23

bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis with separation

Question 24

what is a zygapophysial joint

Answer 24

the joint combining the inferior and superior facets

Question 25

why can we not perform manipulations on the necks of RA patients

Answer 25

the RA attacks the transverse band of the cruciform ligament and we could rupture it

Question 26

what vertebral level does the common carotid bifurcate

Answer 26

C4/5

Question 27

what vertebral level is the hyoid at

Answer 27

C4

Question 28

which cervical vertebrae has a groove for the spinal nerve

Answer 28

C5

Question 29

what is the most superior vertebral disc in the body

Answer 29

C3

Question 30

what vertebrae are considered upper cervical spine

Answer 30

C1 and C2

Question 31

what vertebrae are considered middle cervical spine

Answer 31

C3, C4, and C5

Question 32

what vertebrae are considered lower cervical spine

Answer 32

C6 and C7

Question 33

what is the facet on C1 called that articulates with the dens

Answer 33

articular facet for odontoid process

Question 34

which cervical vertebrae has the carotid tubercle

Answer 34

C6

Question 35

which cervical vertebrae has a groove for spinal nerve

Answer 35

C3

Question 36

which cervical vertebrae have 2 carotid arteries in their transverse foreman

Answer 36

C1-4 because the common carotid bifurcates at C4

Question 37

what spinal level is only motor function and which spinal levels help innervate the skin in replacement?

Answer 37

C1 is only motor
C2 and C3 innervate the skin for the sensory component