Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerve, Dorsal Scapular Region Flashcards
what is neurulation
neural tube formation
when does neurulation occur
4th week of development
in neurulation, what does the neural crest develop into
the PNS and spinal ganglion
in neurulation, what does the mesoderm develop into
somites
in neurulation, what does the notochord develop into
nucleus pulposus
in neurulation, what does the ectoderm develop into
the skin
spina bifida occulta presents as
tuft of hair at L5/S1
asymptomatic
what motor systems does severe spina bifida impact
walking/ambulation
bowel/bladder
how many total spinal nerves are there and how many for each spinal level?
31 total
C: 8
T: 12
L: 5
S: 5
Co: 1
what nerve root focuses on motor function
ventral
what nerve root focuses on sensory function
dorsal
where is the only place the spinal nerve is found at
the convergence between dorsal/ventral root and the splitting of dorsal/ventral rami
C5 myotomes
shoulder abduction
lateral shoulder rotation
shoulder flexion
scaption
C6 ONLY myotomes
elbow flexion
wrist extension
supination
C7 myotomes
elbow extension
wrist flexion
finger extension
C6,7,8 myotomes
shoulder adduction
medial shoulder rotation
shoulder extension
C8 myotomes
pronation
finger flexion
conus medullaris
where the spinal cord starts stringing
where does the conus medullaris typically start
L1/2
dural sac
spinal meninges covering/protecting the spinal cord
when does the dural sac typically terminate
S2
what are the layers of the spinal meninges and spaces in between each layer
epidural space
1. dura mater
subdural space
2. arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space
3. pia mater
what space in the spinal dural sac is cerebral spinal fluid found
subarachnoid space
where do epidural injections go
in the epidural fat in the dural sac around L3/4 or L4/5, NOT PAST THE DURA
cauda equina
place where the spinal cord looks stringy and horse-tail-like
what movements do the scapula perform
protraction
retraction
elevation
depression
upward rotation
downward rotation
what 3 muscles attach to the intertubercle groove
- pec major
- lat
- teres major
what nerve is the main external rotator
C5
what muscles help the scapula perform downward rotation
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
levator scapulae
what muscles help the scapula perform upward rotation
upper trap
lower trap
serratus anterior
what muscles help the scapula perform protraction
serratus anterior
pec minor
what muscles help the scapula perform retraction
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
middle trap
what muscles help the scapula perform elevation
upper trap
levator scapulae
what muscles help the scapula perform depression
lower trap
