Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerve, Dorsal Scapular Region

Question 1

what is neurulation

Answer 1

neural tube formation

Question 2

when does neurulation occur

Answer 2

4th week of development

Question 3

in neurulation, what does the neural crest develop into

Answer 3

the PNS and spinal ganglion

Question 5

in neurulation, what does the mesoderm develop into

Answer 5

somites

Question 6

in neurulation, what does the notochord develop into

Answer 6

nucleus pulposus

Question 7

in neurulation, what does the ectoderm develop into

Answer 7

the skin

Question 8

spina bifida occulta presents as

Answer 8

tuft of hair at L5/S1
asymptomatic

Question 9

what motor systems does severe spina bifida impact

Answer 9

walking/ambulation
bowel/bladder

Question 10

how many total spinal nerves are there and how many for each spinal level?

Answer 10

31 total
C: 8
T: 12
L: 5
S: 5
Co: 1

Question 11

what nerve root focuses on motor function

Answer 11

ventral

Question 12

what nerve root focuses on sensory function

Answer 12

dorsal

Question 13

where is the only place the spinal nerve is found at

Answer 13

the convergence between dorsal/ventral root and the splitting of dorsal/ventral rami

Question 14

C5 myotomes

Answer 14

shoulder abduction
lateral shoulder rotation
shoulder flexion
scaption

Question 15

C6 ONLY myotomes

Answer 15

elbow flexion
wrist extension
supination

Question 16

C7 myotomes

Answer 16

elbow extension
wrist flexion
finger extension

Question 17

C6,7,8 myotomes

Answer 17

shoulder adduction
medial shoulder rotation
shoulder extension

Question 18

C8 myotomes

Answer 18

pronation
finger flexion

Question 19

conus medullaris

Answer 19

where the spinal cord starts stringing

Question 20

where does the conus medullaris typically start

Answer 20

L1/2

Question 21

dural sac

Answer 21

spinal meninges covering/protecting the spinal cord

Question 22

when does the dural sac typically terminate

Answer 22

S2

Question 23

what are the layers of the spinal meninges and spaces in between each layer

Answer 23

epidural space
1. dura mater
subdural space
2. arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space
3. pia mater

Question 24

what space in the spinal dural sac is cerebral spinal fluid found

Answer 24

subarachnoid space

Question 25

where do epidural injections go

Answer 25

in the epidural fat in the dural sac around L3/4 or L4/5, NOT PAST THE DURA

Question 26

cauda equina

Answer 26

place where the spinal cord looks stringy and horse-tail-like

Question 27

what movements do the scapula perform

Answer 27

protraction
retraction
elevation
depression
upward rotation
downward rotation

Question 28

what 3 muscles attach to the intertubercle groove

Answer 28

1. pec major
2. lat
3. teres major

Question 29

what nerve is the main external rotator

Answer 29

C5

Question 30

what muscles help the scapula perform downward rotation

Answer 30

rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
levator scapulae

Question 31

what muscles help the scapula perform upward rotation

Answer 31

upper trap
lower trap
serratus anterior

Question 32

what muscles help the scapula perform protraction

Answer 32

serratus anterior
pec minor

Question 33

what muscles help the scapula perform retraction

Answer 33

rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
middle trap

Question 34

what muscles help the scapula perform elevation

Answer 34

upper trap
levator scapulae

Question 35

what muscles help the scapula perform depression

Answer 35

lower trap