Verbs Flashcards
Ser
To be.
Used to describe permanent characteristics or inherent qualities of someone or something.
Examples:
Yo soy alto. (I am tall.) (permanent characteristic)
Ella es médica. (She is a doctor.) (profession)
Madrid es la capital de España. (Madrid is the capital of Spain.) (fact)
Estar
Estar (to be)
Used to describe temporary states or conditions of someone or something.
Examples:
Estoy feliz. (I am happy.) (temporary feeling)
La comida está en la mesa. (The food is on the table.) (temporary location)
Ella está enferma. (She is sick.) (temporary state)
Tener
To have
Hacer
to make; to do
Poder
to be able to; can
Decir
to say
Haber
to have; there is/there are (No hay leche en la nevera)
Ir
go
Dar
give
Ver
see
Saber
to know:
Used to express knowledge of facts, information, or how to do something.
Focuses on acquiring and possessing knowledge.
Often followed by:
Facts or information: Yo sé que la Tierra es redonda. (I know the Earth is round.)
An infinitive: Yo sé hablar español. (I know how to speak Spanish.)
Pasar
To happen: Similar to the English “to pass,” pasar can be used to say that something happens or occurs. For example, Pasaron muchas cosas el año pasado (A lot happened last year).
To move from one place to another: This can mean physically moving something, like Pásame la sal, por favor (Pass me the salt, please), or it can refer to time passing, like El tiempo pasa volando (Time flies).
To spend time: Pasé el fin de semana en la playa (I spent the weekend at the beach).
To pass (an exam): Estudié mucho para pasar el examen (I studied a lot to pass the exam).
To go through (a difficult situation): Pasó por una etapa muy dura en su vida (He went through a very difficult time in his life).
To come in (invitation): Pasa, por favor (Come in, please).
Expressions with pasar: There are many idiomatic expressions that use pasar. Here are a couple of examples:
Pasar por alto (to overlook something)
No pasa nada (It’s nothing)
Deber
To owe; obligation or necessity
Querer
To want
Llegar
- To arrive: This is the most general meaning of llegar. It can be used to talk about arriving at a destination, such as your home, work, or school. For example, you could say “He llegado a la oficina” (I have arrived at the office).
- To reach: Llegar can also mean to reach a certain point or state. For example, you could say “El agua le llegaba a las rodillas” (The water reached his knees).
Dejar
To Leave (leave a book, left the door open)
Encontrar
To find
Seguir
Meaning:
To follow: This is the most common translation, referring to going behind someone or something. (e.g., Sigue al líder, Follow the leader)
To continue: Seguir can also express continuing an action or activity. (e.g., Sigue estudiando, Keep studying)
To keep doing something: Similar to continuing, but emphasizes persistence. (e.g., Sigue sonriendo, Keep smiling)
Conjugation: Seguir is a regular verb (-ar ending), so its conjugation follows a predictable pattern across tenses. You can find conjugation tables online for reference.
Examples:
Present tense: “Sigo las noticias todos los días” (I follow the news every day)
Past tense: “Seguimos las instrucciones cuidadosamente” (We followed the instructions carefully)
Future tense: “¿Seguirás trabajando mañana?” (Will you keep working tomorrow?)
Other uses:
Seguir + infinitive: Seguir can be followed by an infinitive verb to express a continued action. (e.g., Sigo esperando, I’m still waiting)
Seguir adelante: This phrase means “to move forward” or “to keep going.” (e.g., No te rindas, sigue adelante, Don’t give up, keep going)
Poner
To put
Quedar
To stay; to be left over/to remain
Paracer
To seem; to appear
Hablar
To speak
Vestirse
Get dressed
Acostarse
Go to bed
Despartarse
Wake up
Ducharse
Shower
Banarse
Bath
Conocer
To know (e.g., familiarity with a person or place)
Tocar
To touch; To play (an instrument)
Jugar
To plan (a game)
Lavarse
- Basic meaning: To wash any part of your body. (e.g., Me lavo las manos antes de comer, I wash my hands before eating)
- With specific body parts: You can specify which body part you’re washing by adding it after the verb. (e.g., Me lavo la cara, I wash my face)
- With indirect object pronouns: You can use indirect object pronouns to indicate who is washing whom. (e.g., Te lavo el pelo, I wash your hair)
- Reflexive expressions: Lavarse can be used in various expressions, such as “lavarse las manos” (to wash one’s hands) or “lavarse la cara” (to wash one’s face).
- Conjugation: Lavarse is a regular -ar verb, so its conjugation follows a consistent pattern across tenses. You can find conjugation tables online for reference.
-
Examples:
- Present tense: “Me lavo los dientes dos veces al día” (I brush my teeth twice a day)
- Past tense: “Se lavó el pelo con champú y acondicionador” (He washed his hair with shampoo and conditioner)
- Future tense: “¿Nos lavaremos las manos antes de la cena?” (Will we wash our hands before dinner?)
-
Other uses:
- Lavarse los platos: To wash the dishes
- Lavarse la ropa: To wash clothes
- Lavarse el coche: To wash the car
Ir de compras
Go shopping
Salir
to go out
Llevar
-
Main Meanings:
To carry: This is the most direct translation, referring to physically holding or transporting something. (e.g., Llevo una mochila, I'm carrying a backpack)*
- To take: Similar to “carry,” but can also imply taking someone or something somewhere. (e.g., Te llevo al aeropuerto, I’ll take you to the airport)
- To wear: Used for clothing or accessories. (e.g., Llevo una camisa azul, I’m wearing a blue shirt)
- Conjugation: Llevar is a regular -ar verb, so its conjugation follows a consistent pattern across tenses. You can find conjugation tables online for reference.
- Examples:
-
Present tense: “Llevo dinero en efectivo” (I carry cash)
** Past tense: “Llevé a los niños al parque” (I took the children to the park)
Future tense: “¿Qué vas a llevar a la fiesta?” (What are you going to wear to the party?)
-
Present tense: “Llevo dinero en efectivo” (I carry cash)
Other Uses:
Llevar + tiempo (time): This construction indicates how long something has been happening. (e.g., Llevamos tres horas esperando, We’ve been waiting for three hours)
Llevar + participio (past participle): This expresses a state resulting from a past action. (e.g., Lleva rota la camisa, His shirt is ripped) Llevarse (reflexive verb): This changes the meaning to "to get along with someone" or "to take something for oneself." (e.g., Los hermanos se llevan muy bien, The siblings get along very well)
I hope this explanation is helpful! Feel free to ask if you’d like to see some examples of “llevarse” or have any other questions about “llevar.”*
Deber
The Spanish verb “deber” has a few different meanings:
- To owe: This is a common translation of “deber” and can refer to owing money, a favor, or gratitude.
- Obligation: “Deber” can also be used to express obligation or necessity. In this case, it can be translated as “must” or “should.”
- Probability: In some contexts, “deber” can be used to indicate probability. Here, it can be translated as “must be” or “must have.”
Llegar
Arrive
Encontrar
To find
Seguir
To follow; to continue
Quedar
General meaning: It comes from the Latin verb “quietare” which means “to appease” or “to rest.” In Spanish, it generally means “to stay” or “to stop” in a place, either necessarily or voluntarily.
Different flavors of “to stay”:
Location: This is similar to using “to be” to indicate location. For example, “El restaurante queda a tres calles de aquí” (The restaurant is three blocks from here).
Wait: You can use “quedar” to say you’re waiting for someone. For instance, “No me pidas que quede si no vas a volver” (Don’t ask me to stay if you’re not coming back).
Remaining: This is like saying something is left. “No queda comida” (There’s no food left).
Pensar
To think
Volver
Return; go back to
Salir
To go out
Realizar
To carry out/execute; to achieve or accomplish
Tomar
The Spanish verb “tomar” has two main meanings:
- To take: This is the most general translation of “tomar” and can refer to taking something physically, like taking a book, or taking an action, like taking a nap.
- To drink: “Tomar” is also commonly used to refer to the act of drinking.
Tratar
To treat (e.g., treat others with respect); deal with, address; to try or attempt
Contar
To count; sometimes, to tell a story or share information
Llamar
To call
Venir
to come
Mirar
To see
Presentar
To present
Permitir
To allow
Esperar
The Spanish verb “esperar” can mean “to wait,” “to expect,” or “to hope.” The specific meaning depends on the context of the sentence.
Sentir
To feel
Vivir
To live
Buscar
To search
Creer
To believe
Crear
To create; to establish or found something
Perder
To lose
Existir
Exist
Considerar
Consider
Abrir
Open
Trabajar
Work
Recibir
Receive
Mantener
to maintain; to keep
Explicar
Explain
Lograr
Main Meanings:
-
Achieve: This is a common translation of “lograr,” especially when referring to accomplishing a goal or desired outcome that required effort. For example:
- “Logró graduarse de la universidad con honores” (She achieved graduating from university with honors).
- “El equipo logró anotar un gol en el último minuto” (The team managed to score a goal in the last minute).
-
Obtain: When referring to acquiring something, “lograr” can be translated as “obtain.” This could be something tangible or intangible, like a job, a skill, or a certain feeling. For example:
- “Logró un trabajo como ingeniera” (She obtained a job as an engineer).
- “Logré finalmente entender el concepto” (I finally managed to understand the concept).
-
Succeed: In some cases, “lograr” can be translated as “succeed” when referring to a successful outcome. For example:
- “Lograron escapar de la isla desierta” (They succeeded in escaping the deserted island).
Additional Notes:
- Effort implied: “Lograr” often implies that some effort or difficulty was involved in achieving the desired outcome.
- Formal register: This verb is generally considered formal and appropriate for various contexts.
Here are some examples to illustrate the different nuances:
- “Lograré mi sueño de viajar a Europa” (I will achieve my dream of traveling to Europe) (achieve a goal)
- “No logré encontrar las llaves” (I wasn’t able to find the keys) (obtain - negative connotation)
- “La negociación logró un acuerdo de paz” (The negotiation succeeded in reaching a peace agreement) (succeed)
Empezar
To start
Recordar
Remember or recall
Comenzar
Start
Pedir
To ask for; to order
Preguntar
To ask a question
Producir
To Produce
Convertir
Convert
Entrar
To enter
Mostrar
To Show
Señalar
- To point (at something): This is the most common translation, referring to using your finger or another object to indicate something specific. (e.g., Señaló la casa roja, He pointed at the red house)
- To mark or highlight: Señalar can also be used to indicate something important or to mark something for future reference. (e.g., Señalé los errores en el texto, I marked the errors in the text)
- To indicate or mention: In a more general sense, señalar can mean to mention or bring something to someone’s attention. (e.g., Señaló la importancia de llegar a tiempo, He mentioned the importance of arriving on time)
- To assign or designate: Less commonly, señalar can also mean to assign or designate something to someone or something else. (e.g., Señalaron a María como líder del proyecto, They assigned Mary as the project leader)
- Conjugation: Señalar is a regular -ar verb, so its conjugation follows a consistent pattern across tenses. You can find conjugation tables online for reference.
-
Examples:
- Present tense: “Señalo la salida en caso de incendio” (I point to the fire exit)
- Past tense: “Señalaron las palabras clave del texto” (They highlighted the keywords in the text)
- Future tense: “¿Señalarás el camino hacia la playa?” (Will you point the way to the beach?)
I hope this explanation clarifies the different meanings and uses of “señalar.” If you have any questions about specific conjugations or examples, feel free to ask!
Escribir
Write
Utilizar
Use
Entender
Understand
Terminar
Finish
Ganar
Win
Incluir
Include
Morir
Die
Asegurar
The Spanish verb “asegurar” has several meanings, depending on the context:
* To make sure of something: This meaning is similar to “garantizar” (guarantee) and implies certainty or confidence.
* To fasten or secure something: This meaning refers to making something physically stable or firmly attached.
* To insure something: This meaning is used in the context of insurance policies and contracts.
Occurir
to occur
Ofrecer
to offer
Gustar
Like
Escuchar
List to
Sentar
to sit; to set down
Cambiar
to change
Aparecer
To appear
Acabar
The Spanish verb “acabar” means “to finish” or “to end” something. It has various usages depending on the context:
* To complete an action: Acabar can express finishing an activity or task. For instance, “Acabé de comer” (I finished eating).
* To come to an end: It can also signify something reaching its conclusion. For example, “La película acabó tarde” (The movie ended late).
* To use up something: Acabar can indicate using all of something. For instance, “He acabado la leche” (I’ve used up the milk).
* Expressions: “Acabar con” means “to put an end to” something, while “acabar de + infinitive” emphasizes a recent completion of an action.
Decidir
to Decide
Resultar
Result
Caer
To fall
Desarrollar
To evolve; to grow
Necesitar
to need
Sacar
to take out; to extract
Establecer
to Establish
Conseguir
The Spanish verb “conseguir” means “to achieve,” “to obtain,” or “to get” something. It can be used in many different contexts to refer to achieving a goal, getting a desired object, or obtaining a result. Here are some examples of how to use “conseguir” in a sentence:
* Conseguí el trabajo que quería. (I got the job I wanted.)
* Están consiguiendo todos sus objetivos. (They are achieving all of their goals.)
* No pude conseguir una cita con el doctor. (I couldn’t get an appointment with the doctor.)
Indicar
Indicate
Formar
to form
Reconocer
to Recognize
Dirigir
To address; to lead
Servir
to Servce
Acabar
The Spanish verb “acabar” means “to finish” or “to end” something. It has various usages depending on the context:
* To complete an action: Acabar can express finishing an activity or task. For instance, “Acabé de comer” (I finished eating).
* To come to an end: It can also signify something reaching its conclusion. For example, “La película acabó tarde” (The movie ended late).
* To use up something: Acabar can indicate using all of something. For instance, “He acabado la leche” (I’ve used up the milk).
* Expressions: “Acabar con” means “to put an end to” something, while “acabar de + infinitive” emphasizes a recent completion of an action.
Intentar
to try or attempt. Emphasizes effort rather than sampling something
Cumplir
- To fulfill or carry out an obligation, duty, or promise.
- To complete a task or action.
- To reach a certain age.
Leer
To Read
Obtener
To get; to obtain
Ayudar
to help
Usar
To use
Observar
to observe; notice
Responder
To answer
Afirmar
The Spanish verb “afirmar” means “to affirm,” “to state,” or “to declare” something. It is used to express certainty or conviction about something you are saying. Here are some examples of how to use “afirmar” in a sentence:
* Afirmó que era inocente. (He affirmed that he was innocent.)
* La profesora afirmó que el examen sería difícil. (The teacher affirmed that the exam would be difficult.)
* Afirmamos nuestro compromiso con la sostenibilidad. (We affirm our commitment to sustainability.)
Evitar
The Spanish verb “evitar” means “to avoid” or “to prevent” something from happening. It can be used in many different contexts to express the idea of keeping something undesirable from occurring.
Here are some examples of how to use “evitar” in a sentence:
* Evitamos las zonas peligrosas de la ciudad. (We avoided the dangerous parts of the city.)
* Evita comer demasiada comida chatarra. (Avoid eating too much junk food.)
* Tomó precauciones para evitar accidentes. (He took precautions to avoid accidents.)
Suponer
To assume; to suppose
Afectar
to affect; to influence
Generar
The Spanish verb “generar” means “to generate” or “to produce” something. It can be used in a variety of contexts to refer to the creation of something new, the production of energy or power, or the causing of a particular feeling or emotion.
Here are some examples of how to use “generar” in a sentence:
* La máquina genera electricidad. (The machine generates electricity.)
* Este evento generó mucho interés. (This event generated a lot of interest.)
* Las nuevas leyes generaron controversia. (The new laws generated controversy.)
Continuar
to continue
Cerrar
- General Meaning: To close, shut, block, or turn off.
-
Specific Uses:
- Closing physical objects: Doors, windows, containers, etc. (e.g., Cierra la puerta, Close the door)
- Closing businesses or establishments: Shops, restaurants, etc. (e.g., ¿A qué hora cierran las tiendas? At what time do the shops close?)
- Blocking or obstructing something: A passage, view, etc. (e.g., Las rocas cerraban el camino, The rocks blocked the way)
- Turning off devices or utilities: Lights, water, gas, etc. (e.g., No te olvides de cerrar la luz antes de salir, Don’t forget to turn off the light before leaving)
- Finishing or concluding something: An agreement, deal, etc. (e.g., Cerraron el trato con un apretón de manos, They sealed the deal with a handshake)
- Conjugation: Cerrar is a regular -ar verb, so its conjugation follows a consistent pattern across tenses. You can find conjugation tables online for reference.
-
Examples:
- Present tense: “Cierro los ojos cuando duermo” (I close my eyes when I sleep)
- Past tense: “Cerramos el negocio porque no era rentable” (We closed the business because it wasn’t profitable)
- Future tense: “¿Cerrarás la ventana? It’s cold outside” (Will you close the window?)
Pagar
To pay
Acercar
The Spanish verb “acercar” means “to bring closer” or “to move closer.” It can be used in both literal and figurative senses.
* Literally: Acercar can refer to the physical movement of something or someone towards something else. For example, “Acercó la silla a la mesa” (He brought the chair closer to the table).
* Figuratively: Acercar can also be used to talk about bringing people or things together in a more abstract sense. For example, “El evento acercó a las dos culturas” (The event brought the two cultures closer together).
Levantar
Raise; lift
Participar
Participate
Representar
Represent
Tocar
To touch: This is the most literal translation, referring to the physical contact between two objects or people.
To play (an instrument): This usage refers to the act of playing a musical instrument.
To ring (a bell): This meaning signifies the sound produced by a bell or other object.
To concern (an issue): This usage implies that something is relevant or important to a particular topic or situation.
To be located (at a place): This meaning indicates the physical position of something.
To happen (at a time): This usage refers to the occurrence of an event at a specific moment.
To be someone’s turn: This meaning indicates that it is someone’s time to do something.
To feel (an emotion): This usage expresses the experience of a particular feeling.
The specific meaning of “tocar” often depends on the context and surrounding words. Here are some examples of how the verb can be used in different ways:
Tocar la guitarra (to play the guitar)
La campana toca a las cinco (the bell rings at five)
Este problema nos toca a todos (this issue concerns us all)
La casa toca la playa (the house is located near the beach)
Me toca a mí (it’s my turn)
Me toca el corazón (it touches my heart)
Informar
Inform
Destacar
The Spanish verb “destacar” has two main meanings:
* To emphasize or highlight something: This meaning is used to draw attention to something specific, either by making it stand out visually or by explicitly mentioning its importance.
* To stand out: This meaning refers to something that is naturally noticeable or prominent because of its qualities or characteristics.
Iniciar
Start; to begin; to launch
Dedicar
Dedicate
Oir
Hear
Acompanar
Accompany
Referir
The Spanish verb “referir” has several meanings and usages:
* To tell or recount: Similar to “contar,” referir is used to narrate or relate information or a story.
* To refer to something: This meaning indicates mentioning or alluding to something else.
* To direct someone to something: Referir can also mean to guide or point someone towards a particular source of information or help.
* (Less common) To convert into something: This usage is less frequent and more specific to technical contexts.
Remember that the specific meaning of “referir” depends on the context of the sentence.
Sufrir
Suffer
Nacer
Birth
Comer
Eat
Bajar
to come down; to descend
Suceder
Succeed
Dormir
To sleep
Preparar
to prepare
Agregar
To add; to join
Correr
to Run
Subir
to go up; to rise (e.g., value, price); to climb (ascending a mountain); to submit or upload; to get on a vehicle (e.g., a bus, a train)
Publicar
to publish
Traer
to bring; to cause (cause a problem); to lead to; to carry
Anunciar
to announce
Descubrir
to discover
Construir
to Build
Detener
To stop; to arrest; to prevent
Aceptar
To accept
Meter
To put or to place
Ocupar
to Occupy
Demostrar
To show
Proponer
to propose
Estudiar
to study
Comprar
to buy
Expresar
to express
Olvidar
to forget
Aumentar
to increase
Definir
to define
Regresar
to return
Anadir
to add; to append
Mover
to move
Entregar
Entregar in Spanish translates to “to give” or “to hand over” something to someone. It can be used in various contexts, such as giving a gift, handing in an assignment, or delivering a package. It can also figuratively mean to dedicate oneself completely to something.
Sostener
to hold
Reducir
To reduce
Aprender
to learn
Provocar
To provoke
Mejorar
To improve; to get better; to enhance or increase
Unir
to Join
Constitutir
to constitute
Compartir
To share
Enfrentar
To confront
Imaginar
to imagine
Crecer
to grow or develop
Comprender
to understand
Apoyar
Support
Comentar
to Comment
Vender
to sell
Faltar
To be missing: This is the most literal translation, referring to the absence of something or someone.
To be needed: This usage can refer to the necessity of something or someone.
To be left: This meaning signifies the remaining quantity of something.
To fail: This usage refers to the act of not meeting a standard or requirement.
To die: This meaning signifies the act of passing away.
The specific meaning of faltar often depends on the context and surrounding words. Here are some examples of how the verb can be used in different ways:
Faltan dos libros del estante. (Two books are missing from the shelf.)
Falta azúcar para el pastel. (We need sugar for the cake.)
Faltan cinco minutos para las ocho. (It’s five minutes to eight.)
El examen me faltó por un punto. (I failed the exam by one point.)
Mi abuelo faltó el año pasado. (My grandfather passed away last year.)
Aplicar
To apply (apply a cream; apply a law)
Colocar
“Colocar” is a Spanish verb that translates to “to place” in English. However, it carries a slightly different meaning compared to the more general verb “poner.” Here’s a breakdown of “colocar” and how it differs from “poner”:
Colocar:
-
Meaning:
- To place something in a specific location, often with care or precision.
- It suggests arranging or organizing objects.
-
Usage:
- Used when the placement is important or requires some thought.
- Often found in contexts like:
- Interior design: “Voy a colocar los cuadros en la pared” (I’m going to place the paintings on the wall).
- Arranging objects: “¿Me puedes ayudar a colocar los libros en la estantería?” (Can you help me place the books on the shelf?)
- Giving instructions: “Coloca la vajilla en la mesa” (Place the dishes on the table).
- Can have a more formal tone than “poner.”
Poner:
-
Meaning:
- The more general verb for “to put” something somewhere.
- Doesn’t necessarily imply careful placement or organization.
-
Usage:
- Used in a wider range of situations, from simple placement to adding something or putting something on.
- Examples:
- “Pon la leche en la nevera” (Put the milk in the fridge).
- “¿Dónde pones las llaves?” (Where do you put the keys?).
- “Ponte la camisa” (Put on your shirt).
- Can also be used in idiomatic expressions
Remember:
- Use “colocar” when the placement is deliberate and requires some thought.
- Use “poner” for more general situations where you simply put something somewhere.
Feature | Colocar | Poner |
Cubrir
To cover: This is the most literal translation, referring to the act of putting something over something else.
To fill: This usage can refer to the act of putting something in a container or space.
To complete: This meaning signifies the act of finishing something.
To meet: This usage refers to the act of satisfying a requirement or need (e.g., cover the cost of a trip)
To protect: This meaning signifies the act of keeping something safe from harm.
Repetir
To repeat
Disponer
To arrange: This is the most literal translation, referring to the act of putting things in order or making them ready.
To prepare: This usage can refer to the act of getting something ready for use.
To provide: This meaning signifies the act of making something available.
To have (at one’s disposal): This usage refers to the act of having something available to use.
To decide: This meaning signifies the act of making a decision.
The specific meaning of disponer often depends on the context and surrounding words. Here are some examples of how the verb can be used in different ways:
Disponer los muebles en la sala (to arrange the furniture in the living room)
Disponer la comida para la fiesta (to prepare the food for the party)
Disponer de un coche para el viaje (to have a car available for the trip)
El gobierno dispuso que se cerraran las escuelas (The government decided to close the schools)
Obligar
To force or compel
Celebrar
To celebrate
Echar
Literal Meanings:
- Throw: While this is a literal translation, it’s not the most common use. Verbs like “tirar,” “lanzar,” or “arrojar” are typically used for throwing something. However, “echar” can be used for throwing something away: “Echa la basura a la caneca” (Throw the trash in the bin).
More Common Meanings:
-
Put: This is a very broad translation, but “echar” can often mean putting something in a specific place, especially liquids or things that spread. For example:
- “Echa sal a la sopa” (Put salt in the soup).
- “Echa la carta en el buzón” (Put the letter in the mailbox).
-
Pour: Similarly, “echar” can be used for pouring liquids. For example:
- “Echa un vaso de agua” (Pour a glass of water).
-
Spread: It can also refer to spreading something out, like applying paint or butter. For example:
- “Echa mantequilla en el pan” (Spread butter on the bread).
Figurative Meanings:
-
Say (informal): In informal contexts, “echar” can mean “to say” something, similar to “soltar.” For example:
- “Echó un chiste muy gracioso” (He told a very funny joke).
-
Tell someone to leave: “Echar” can be used to tell someone to leave a place, similar to “despedir” (more formal) or “mandar a paseo” (informal). For example:
- “Lo echaron del trabajo” (He was fired from his job). Note: “despedir” is preferred here for a formal setting.
- Take a nap: In some regions, “echar una siesta” means “to take a nap.”
Other Uses:
- Start (engine): “Echar a andar” can mean “to start” an engine.
- Miss (opportunity): “Echar a perder” can mean “to miss” an opportunity.
Key Points:
- The context is crucial for understanding the meaning of “echar.”
- It’s often used with prepositions like “a,” “en,” or “para” that provide further information.
- There are many other idiomatic expressions using “echar” that you might encounter as you learn more Spanish.
Relacionar
Link or relate
Marcar
To mark; to score (in sports); to dial (phone number); to highlight
Desear
To wish; desire; crave
Significar
To mean; to signify; to denote
Caminar
Walk
Superar
To overcome; to surpress
Organizar
Organize
Registrar
to register
Andar
To walk; to move; to function (e.g., the car doesn’t work)
Identificar
To identify; recognize
Elegir
To choose; select
Abandonar
to leave
Soler
To usually do something
Plantear
To pose; to bring up; to raise
Ubicar
To locate or place
Requerir
To require; to need; to necessitate
Partir
To leave; depart
Reunir
To gather; to assemble; collect
Actuar
To act in a play or movie; to behave or take action
Lanzar
To throw; to launch (e.g., Nasa); to hurl or propel
Importar
To import
Analizar
Analyze; to study
Mencionar
To mention; to refer to; to cite
Sumar
The Spanish verb “sumar” translates directly to “to add” in English. It’s used in various contexts related to combining numbers or quantities to find a total. Here’s a breakdown of its meaning and usage:
Sumar:
-
Meaning:
- To add numbers or quantities together.
- To calculate the total of something.
-
Usage:
- Used in basic addition: “Dos y dos suman cuatro” (Two and two add up to four).
- Used for calculating totals: “Suma los gastos para ver el presupuesto total” (Add up the expenses to see the total budget).
- Can also be used figuratively to mean “to join” or “to contribute”: “Todos podemos sumar a la causa” (We can all contribute to the cause).
Additional Points:
- “Sumar” is conjugated like other regular verbs in Spanish, changing endings based on tense and person (e.g., sumo, sumas, sumamos).
- There are other verbs related to “sumar” that might be useful:
- Sumarse: This reflexive verb means “to join in” or “to add oneself to something.” (e.g., “Me sumo a la fiesta” - I’m joining the party).
- Totalizar: This verb means “to total” or “to add up to a certain amount.” (e.g., “La cuenta totaliza cien euros” - The bill totals one hundred euros).
In essence:
- Use “sumar” whenever you need to express adding numbers or quantities to find a total.
Pretender
to pretend
Enviar
To send (a message, a package)
Declarar
to declare (make a formal statement; annouce something)
Manifestar
To express, show or demonstrate (e.g., show support)
Attendar
To attend
Basar
to base (e.g., based on evidence, or in reliance on something)
Recuperar
To recover (from an illness); to get back or reclaim
Aprovechar
To use to one’s advantage; make the most of
Asumir
To assume a responsibility or task; to take for granted (we assumed he would come)
Desaparecer
To vanish; to cease to exist
Funcionar
To work (car doesn’t work); to operate or run
Permanecer
To remain or stay
Preocupar
To worry; distress or trouble
Preferir
To prefer
Confirmar
To confirm or verify; to prove
Advertir
To warn; caution
Imponer
To force or establish
Integrar
To combine or incorporate; integrate
Recoger
Main Meanings:
-
Pick up: This is a common translation, especially for picking up something that has fallen or is scattered. For example:
- “Recoge los juguetes del suelo” (Pick up the toys from the floor).
- “Tuve que recoger las hojas del jardín” (I had to pick up the leaves from the garden).
-
Collect: Recoger can also mean to gather things together, similar to “reunir.” This could be physical objects, information, or even people. For example:
- “Los basureros recogen la basura los lunes” (The garbage collectors collect the trash on Mondays).
- “La periodista recogió información para su artículo” (The journalist collected information for her article).
- “Te puedo recoger en la estación de tren” (I can pick you up at the train station).
-
Clean up: In some contexts, recoger can imply putting things away or tidying up an area. For example:
- “Tenemos que recoger la cocina antes de la cena” (We have to clean up the kitchen before dinner).
Other Uses:
-
Put away: Recoger can also refer to putting something away in its designated place. For example:
- “Recoge tu ropa después de usarla” (Put your clothes away after using them).
- Take in (clothing): It can be used for taking in or shortening clothing.
The best translation of “recoger” depends on the context of the sentence. Consider what is being picked up, collected, or put away.
Here are some additional points to note:
- Reflexive form: “Recogerse” is the reflexive form of recoger and means “to go home” or “to go to bed.”
Parar
To stop or cease (e.g., stop the car); to prevent (e.g., stopped the robbery)
Proteger
To protect; gaud
Depender
To depend; to rely upon
Negar
To deny; disclaim; refuse
Resolver
To solve
Surgir
Emerge
Corresponder
To correspond
Determinar
To determine
Concluir
To conclude
Visitar
To visit
Exigir
To demand; request; require
Contener
To contain
Aprobar
To approve
Romper
To break
Viajar
To travel
Quitar
To remove
Interesar
To interest
Defender
To defend
Avanzar
To advance
Prever
Prevent
Implicar
To implicate; imply
Apuntar
To take notes; to point or aim
Invitar
To invite
Causar
To cause
Vestir
To dress
Controlar
To check; or to monitor or regulate
Adquirir
To acquire; buy or purhcase
Incorporar
To incorporate
Guardar
To save; to put away
Insistir
To insist
Conducir
To drive (e.g., an automobile)
Acordar
To agree
Contestar
To answer; reply
Tirar
To throw; to throw away; to shoot (fire a gun); to pull
Despertar
Wake up; or awaken/arouse
Reir
To laugh
Sorprender
To surprise; to amaze or astonish
Llorar
To cry/weep
Situar
To locate
Garantizar
To guarentee
Separar
To separate
Impedir
To prevent
Gritar
To shout
Costar
Price; level of difficulty
Cruzar
To cross (e.g., to cross the street)
Disfrutar
To enjoy; to take pleasure in something
Cantar
To sing
Citar
To cite; to quote; to summon (e.g., to a court hearing)
Sonreir
To smile
Extender
To extend (in time or space)
Poseer
“Poseer” is a Spanish verb that translates to “to possess” in English. It conveys a slightly different meaning compared to the more common verb “tener” (also meaning “to have”). Here’s a breakdown of “poseer” and how it differs from “tener”:
Poseer:
-
Meaning:
- To own something in a legal or formal sense.
- To have something as a possession or belonging.
- Can also imply having a skill, quality, or ability.
-
Usage:
- Used when ownership or possession is emphasized.
- Often found in contexts like:
- Legal documents: “Posee una casa en la playa” (He owns a house on the beach).
- Special skills: “Posee un gran talento para la música” (He possesses a great talent for music).
- Can have a more formal tone than “tener.”
Tener:
-
Meaning:
- The more general verb for “to have” something.
- Can refer to possession, but also to temporary states, feelings, or experiences.
-
Usage:
- Used in a wider range of situations, including:
- Possession: “Tengo dos perros” (I have two dogs).
- Temporary states: “Tengo hambre” (I’m hungry).
- Feelings: “Tengo miedo” (I’m scared).
- Experiences: “Tuvimos unas vacaciones maravillosas” (We had a wonderful vacation).
- More casual tone (often).
- Used in a wider range of situations, including:
Remember:
- Use “poseer” when ownership or formal possession is the main focus.
- Use “tener” for the broader meaning of “to have” in various contexts.
Contribuir
To contribute
Exponer
Exhibit or show
Instalar
To install
Notar
To note
Sonar
To sound
Convencer
To convince
Mandar
To send (e.g., a package or a letter); to order (e.g., order a coffee)
Asociar
To associate or connect
Aportar
Main Meanings:
-
Contribute: This is the most common translation of “aportar.” It refers to giving something, such as ideas, money, or effort, to a project, cause, or situation. For example:
- “Todos aportaron ideas interesantes en la reunión.” (Everyone contributed interesting ideas in the meeting.)
- “La compañía aportó mil euros a la fundación.” (The company contributed one thousand euros to the foundation.)
-
Provide: Aportar can also mean to provide something needed or useful. For example:
- “El abogado aportó la evidencia necesaria.” (The attorney provided the necessary evidence.)
Less Common Meanings:
- (Nautical) Reach port (Latin America): This meaning is specific to some regions and refers to a ship arriving at its destination.
- (Chile) Show up: This informal usage is mainly used in Chile and means to appear or arrive at a place.
Conjugation:
Aportar is a regular IR verb, so its conjugation follows a common pattern for verbs ending in “-ir”. You can find conjugation tables online for all tenses, but here are some common examples:
- Present tense (yo) aporto - (I) contribute
- Past tense (yo) aporté - (I) contributed
- Future tense (yo) aportaré - (I) will contribute
Remember: The most common meaning of “aportar” is to contribute something, either figuratively (ideas) or literally (money). The context of the sentence will help you determine the specific meaning. To contribute or provide
Acudir
To go to; to attend
Asistir
To attend
Firmar
To sign
Pertenecer
To belong to
Solicitar
To request or apply for
Ensenar
To show; to teach
Cortar
To cut
Recorrer
To travel
Fijar
To fix (e.g., a broken toy) or attach (a photo to the wall)
Promover
Main Meanings:
-
Promote: This is the most common translation, especially when referring to advancing someone or something to a higher level or position. For example:
- “La directora promovió a Juan a gerente” (The director promoted John to manager).
- “La compañía promueve la igualdad de oportunidades” (The company promotes equal opportunities).
-
Advance: Promote can also be translated as “advance” when referring to making progress or development in something. For example:
- “Esta iniciativa promueve la investigación científica” (This initiative advances scientific research).
-
Sponsor: In some contexts, “promover” can be translated as “sponsor” when referring to providing support or resources for an event, activity, or cause. For example:
- “La organización promovió un concierto benéfico” (The organization sponsored a charity concert).
-
Cause: Less commonly, “promover” can also mean “to cause” something to happen, especially when it’s negative. For example:
- “Sus palabras promovieron el caos en la reunión” (His words caused chaos in the meeting).
Understanding the Context:
- The best translation of “promover” depends on the context of the sentence. Consider what is being promoted or advanced, and the intended outcome.
- Look for clues in the sentence, such as prepositions or the overall topic, to help determine the specific meaning.
Here are some additional examples to illustrate the different nuances:
- “Promover la paz mundial” (To promote world peace) (advance a cause)
- “La compañía promueve nuevos productos cada año” (The company promotes new products every year) (introduce and market)
- “El gobierno promueve el turismo en la región” (The government promotes tourism in the region) (support and encourage)
Describir
To describe
Revelar
To reveal
Retirar
To remove, withdraw, or retreat
Contemplar
To contemplate
Elaborar
To elaborate
Ordenar
To order (e.g., food at a restarant); to arrange
Hallar
Meaning:
- The primary meaning of “hallar” is “to find” something, similar to “encontrar”.
Conjugation:
- “Hallar” is a regular AR verb, meaning its conjugation follows a common pattern for verbs ending in “-ar”.
- You can find conjugation tables online to see all the tenses, but some common examples include:
- Present tense (yo) hallo - (I) find
- Future tense (yo) hallaré - (I) will find
Nuances:
- While “hallar” and “encontrar” both mean “to find,” there can be slight stylistic differences. “Hallar” sometimes suggests a sense of discovery or encountering something unexpected.
Reflejar
To reflect
Limitar
To limit or restrict
Rodear
To surround
Transformar
To transform
Llenar
To fill (e.g., with water); to fill out
Consistir
To consist of; to be made up of
Cuidar
To take care of; to look after
Someter
To submit
Avisar
To inform/notify; to warn
Emplear
To employ (e.g., a new strategy); to use
