Verbs Flashcards
Infinitive Form Hindi Verbs
The infinitive form of every single Hindi verb ends with ना naa
How to get the “root” if any Hindi verb
The Root of a verb is simply it’s infinitive form with the ना naa at the end removed
Rules for Conjugating Hindi Verbs
Hindi Verbs must agree with the gender and number of the subject (as in feminine or masculine & singular or plural). Also, there are only a few (like maybe 5) common verbs that are irregular. Almost all of the verbs in Hindi follow regular conjugation rules.
[Note: Past Tense Transitive Verbs agree with the Object and not the Subject.]
Present Tense Conjugation Rules
singular masculine subject - We add ता taa to the verb root
plural masculine subject - We add ते te to the verb root
singular & plural feminine subject - We add ती tee to the verb root
Then you add the proper conjugation of {होना honaa = to be} at the end, after the verb.
Present Continuous Tense Conjugation Rules
singular masculine subject - We add रहा rahaa to the verb root
plural masculine subject - We add रहे rahe to the verb root
singular & plural feminine subject - We add रही rahee to the verb root
Then you add the proper conjugation of {होना honaa = to be} at the end, after the verb.
(note: sometimes “rahaa” is shortened and you will often just hear “ra”)
Not Verb Structure
नहीं naheen (lit. “no”) + verb
= not verb
[you can then conjugate the verb into present continuous tense to say “not verbing”]
Future Tense Verb Conjugation for Masculine Subjects
First Person Singular
मैं -ऊँगा main -oongaa [oongee for fem…] I will -
First Person Plural
हम -एँगे ham -enge [engee for fem…] We will -
Second Person Singular
तू -एगा too -egaa You will - (Very Informal)
Second Person Plural
आप -एँगे aap -enge You will - (Formal)
तुम -ओगे tum -oge You will - (Informal)
Third Person Singular
यह / वह -एगा yeh / voh -egaa He, It will -
Third Person Plural
ये / वे -एँगे ye / ve enge They will -
Future Tense Verb Conjugation for Feminine Subjects
[take the chart for masculine and replace the ending vowel of each conjugation with ई ee]
“Will be” Verb Conjugations for Masculine Subjects (otherwise known as masculine future tense auxiliary)
मैं हूँगा main hoongaa I will be (by a male)
हम होंगे ham honge We will be
तू होगा too hogaa You will be (Very Informal)
आप होंगे aap honge You will be (Formal)
तुम होगे tum hoge You will be (Informal)
यह / वह होगा yeh / voh hogaa He / It will be
ये / वे होंगे ye / ve honge They will be
[Remember, more verbs and object can go in between the Subject and the Future Auxiliary]
“Weill be” Verb Conjugations for Feminine Subjects (otherwise known as feminine future tense auxiliary)
मैं हूँगी main hoongee I will be (by a female)
हम होंगी ham hongee We will be
तू होगी too hogee You will be (Very Informal)
आप होंगी aap hongee You will be (Formal)
तुम होगी tum hogee You will be (Informal)
यह / वह होगी yeh / voh hogee She / It will be
ये / वे होंगी ye / ve hongee They will be
[Remember, more verbs and object can go in between the Subject and the Future Auxiliary]
To be able to/can [verb structure]
Verb Root + सकना saknaa [conjugated] + [auxiliary “to be”]
to not be able to/can not [verb structure]
नहीं naheen + Verb Root + सकना saknaa [auxiliary “to be” can be dropped]
What are transitive verbs?
Verbs that can take a direct object. If you ask “Verb what?” and it makes sense, it’s a transitive verb. As in “Eat” - “eat what?” Makes sense. It’s a transitive verb. You can also put “something” after the verb to see if it makes sense. “Eat something”.
What are intransitive verbs?
Verbs that cannot take a direct object. If you ask “Verb what?” or say “Verb something” and it doesn’t make sense, it’s an intransitive verb. “Sleep what?” or “sleep something” - it doesn’t make sense. It’s an intransitive verb.
Past Tense Conjugation for Transitive Verbs
In Past Tense Sentences with Transitive Verbs, the Verb must agree with the OBJECT of the sentence and not the Subject. The Subject of the sentence must be marked with ने ne, which just shows who is doing the verb. ने ne is a POSTPOSITION, so the subject it comes after must be in the OBLIQUE FORM.
singular masculine OBJECT -
Verb Root ending in consonant + ा a/ Verb Root ending in vowel या ya
plural masculine OBJECT -
Verb Root ending in consonant + /े e/ Verb Root ending in vowel ये ye
singular & plural feminine OBJECT -
Verb Root ending in consonant + /ी i/ Verb Root ending in vowel यी yi
Past Tense Conjugation for Intransitive Verbs
Verb Root +
आ aa/या yaa - For Masculine Singular subjects [if verb root ends in a vowel, you add yaa. If it ends in a consonant, you add aa]
ए e - For Masculine Plural subjects
ई ee - For Feminine Singular subjects
ईं een - For Feminine Plural Subjects
past tense auxiliary [verb structure]
singular masculine subject - “was” [था thaa]
plural masculine subject - “were” [थे the]
singular feminine subject - “was” [थी thee]
plural feminine subject - “were” [थीं theen]
[The past tense auxiliary goes after the subject and object, usually at the end of the sentence.]
{NOTE: this is not past tense conjugation for verbs, this is simply past tense for “to be” - and using it can make a lot of sentences in the past tense, but not the verbs themselves.}
past continuous tense verb conjugation
singular masculine subject - We add रहा rahaa to the verb root
plural masculine subject - We add रहे rahe to the verb root
singular & plural feminine subject - We add रही rahee to the verb root
Then you add the proper past tense auxiliary verb:
singular masculine subject - “was” [था thaa]
plural masculine subject - “were” [थे the]
singular feminine subject - “was” [थी thee]
plural feminine subject - “were” [थीं theen]
(again, note: sometimes “rahaa” is shortened and you will often just hear “ra”)
formal imperative: आप aap (you)
Verb Root + इए ie = Please (do) Verb
(you do not need to add the Hindi word for “please” which is कृपया kṛipayaa, because the politeness is implied in the conjugation)
Irregulars To Formal Imperative
करना karnaa - “to do” which becomes कीजिए keejie - “Please do”
लेना lenaa - “to take” which becomes लीजिए leejie - “Please take”
देना denaa - “to give” which becomes दीजिए deejie - “Please give”
पीना peenaa - “to drink” which becomes पीजिए peejie - “Please drink”
informal/casual imperative: तुम tum (you)
Verb Root + ओ o = (do) Verb
Irregulars To Informal/Casual Imperative Conjugation
पीना peenaa - “To Drink” which becomes पियो piyo - “Drink”
लेना lenaa - “To Take” which becomes लो lo - “Take”
देना denaa - “To Give” which becomes दो do - “Give”
intimate imperative: xतू too (you)
Verb Root
[just the verb root alone]
(note: जा jaa = go!, almost like swearing at someone to get out)
formal don’t imperative (आप aap)
न na (don’t) + Verb Root + इए ie = please don’t (do) Verb
informal/casual don’t imperative (तुम tum)
मत mat + Verb Root + ओ o = don’t (do) Verb
intimate don’t imperative
मत mat + Verb Root = don’t (do) Verb
future conditional tense (might verb)
(take the regular future tense conjugations, and drop the गा gaa, गे ge or गी gee to get the future conditional tense)
First Person Singular
मैं -ऊँगा main -oon I might -
First Person Plural
हम -एँगे ham -en We might -
Second Person Singular
तू -एगा too -e You might - (Very Informal)
Second Person Plural
आप -एँगे aap -en You might - (Formal)
तुम -ओगे tum -o You might - (Informal)
Third Person Singular
यह / वह -एगा yeh / voh -e He, It might -
Third Person Plural
ये / वे -एँगे ye / ve en They might -
Future Progressive Tense
verb in present continuous tense + future auxiliary
so…
Verb Root + रहा rahaa/हे rahe/रही rahee + [one of these below depending on subject]
मैं हूँगा main hoongaa I will be (by a male)
हम होंगे ham honge We will be
तू होगा too hogaa You will be (Very Informal)
आप होंगे aap honge You will be (Formal)
तुम होगे tum hoge You will be (Informal)
यह / वह होगा yeh / voh hogaa He / It will be
ये / वे होंगे ye / ve honge They will be
मैं हूँगी main hoongee I will be (by a female)
हम होंगी ham hongee We will be
तू होगी too hogee You will be (Very Informal)
आप होंगी aap hongee You will be (Formal)
तुम होगी tum hogee You will be (Informal)
यह / वह होगी yeh / voh hogee She / It will be
ये / वे होंगी ye / ve hongee They will be
past imperfect tense (used to verb)
present tense conjugation of the verb + PAST TENSE auxiliary
[singular masculine subject - “was” [था thaa]
plural masculine subject - “were” [थे the]
singular feminine subject - “was” [थी thee]
plural feminine subject - “were” [थीं theen]]
past imperfect tense WITH ADJ (used to be adj)
present tense conjugation of the verb + होता hotaa (if singular masculine subject), होते hote (if plural masculine subject) or होती hotee (if singular or plural feminine subject) + PAST TENSE auxiliary
Subject + wants/needs + Object
Subject + को ko [literally saying “to subject” here] + Object + चाहिए caahie
(in present tense, this is all you do. No need to add the “to be” present auxiliary. If you want to make this past tense and say “Subject wanted/needed Object”, you just add the proper past tense auxiliary to the structure above.)
to want to verb
Subject (+object/place) + चाहना caahnaa (conjugated for subject) +
[चाहना caahnaa is a transitive verb, so you follow conjugation for a transitive verb - so if it’s past tense, you must add ने ne after the subject and the subject must be in oblique form.
singular masculine OBJECT -
Verb Root ending in consonant + ा a/ Verb Root ending in vowel या ya
plural masculine OBJECT -
Verb Root ending in consonant + /े e/ Verb Root ending in vowel ये ye
singular & plural feminine OBJECT -
Verb Root ending in consonant + /ी i/ Verb Root ending in vowel यी yi]
जाना jaanaa - “to go” [irregular verb when conjugated to past tense]
गया gayaa (Singular Masculine)
गए gaae (Plural Masculine)
गई gaee (Singular Feminine)
गईं gaeen (Plural Feminine)
