VERBALS CERVICAL SPINE Flashcards
BONY PALPATION: CERVICAL SPINE
ANTERIOR ASPECT:
- Hyoid Bone
- Thyroid Cartilage
- First Cricoid Ring
- Mandible
POSTERIOR ASPECT:
- Occiput
- Inion (EOP)
- Superior Nuchal Line
- Mastoid Processes
- Spinous processes of Cervical Vertebrae
- Facet Joints
SOFT TISSUE PALPATION: CERVICAL SPINE
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Anterior lymph node chain
- Posterior lymph node chain
- Thyroid gland
- Carotid Pulse
- Supraclavicular Fossa
- Trapezius Muscle
- Greater Occipital Nerves
- Superior Nuchal Ligament
RANGE OF MOTION: CERVICAL SPINE
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
- Flexion 50
- Extension 60
- Lateral Bending Left 45
- Lateral Bending Right 45
- Left Rotation 80
- Right Rotation 80
FORAMINAL COMPRESSION
POSITIVE:
- Exacerbation of localized cervical Pain
- Exacerbation of cervical pain with a radicular component
INDICATES:
- Foraminal Encroachment or facet pathology without nerve root compression
- Foraminal Encroachment or facet pathology with nerve root compression
CERVICAL DISTRACTION TEST
POSITIVE:
- Diminished or absence of local cervical pain
- Diminished or absence or radiating pain
- Increase of cervical pain
INDICATES:
- Foraminal encroachment without nerve root compression
- Foraminal encroachment with nerve root compression
- Muscular strain, ligamentous sprain, myospasm or facet capsulitis
SPINAL PERCUSSION TEST
POSITIVE:
- Local Pain
- Radiating
INDICATES:
- Possible fractured vertebrae, ligamentous involvment (spinous pain), and muscular involvment (muscular pain)
- Possible disc pathology
SHOULDER DEPRESSION TEST
POSITIVE:
- Localized pain on the side being tested
- Radicular pain on either side
INDICATES:
- Localized Pain: Dural sleeve adhesion, and muscular adhesion/contracture, or spasm, or ligamentous injury
- Radiating Pain: On side being tested neurovascular bundle compression, dural sleeve adhesions, or Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. On opposite side being tested foraminal encroachment with nerve root compression
VALSALVA MANEUVER
POSITIVE: Radiating pain from site of lesion (usually recreating the complaint in cervical or lumbar area of the spine)
INDICATES: Space occupying lesion (e.g. disc pathology)
SWALLOWING TEST
POSITIVE: Difficulty in swallowing
INDICATES: Space-Occupying lesion at anterior portion of cervical spine. Possibly esophageal or pharyngeal injury, anterior disc defect, muscle spasm or osteophytes etc.
SOTO-HALL SIGN
POSITIVE: Generalized pain in the cervical region, which may extend down to the level of T2
INDICATES: Non-specific test for structural integrity of cervical region
KERNIG SIGN
POSITIVE: Inability to fully extend the leg and/or pain (usually in the neck region)
INDICATES: Meningeal irritation/meningitis
O’ DONOGHUE MANEUVER
POSITIVE:
- Pain during passive range of motion
- Pain during resisted range of motion
INDICATES:
- Ligamentous sprain. (Passive ROM stresses ligaments)
- Muscle/tendon strain. (Active ROM stresses muscles and tendons)
