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6 ORTHO > LAB VERBALS FINAL > Flashcards

LAB VERBALS FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Bony Palpation: SHOULDER

A
  1. Sternoclavicular Articulation
  2. Clavicle
  3. Coracoid Process
  4. Acromioclavicular Articulation
  5. Acromion
  6. Greater Tuberosity of the Humerus
  7. Bicipital Groove
  8. Lesser Tuberosity of the Humerus
  9. Spine of the Scapula
  10. Body of Scapula
  11. Scapulothoracic Articulation
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2
Q

Soft Tissue Palpation: SHOULDER

A
  1. Rotator Cuff Muscle: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
  2. Subacromial Bursa
  3. Subdeltoid Bursa
  4. Axillary Borders: Pectoralis Major, Serratus Anterior, Axillary Lymph Nodes, Latissimus Dorsi, Bicipital Tendon
  5. Prominent Muscles of Region: Sternocleidomastoid, Biceps, Deltoid as a whole, (anterior, middle and posterior portion of deltoid), Trapezius, Rhomboid (minor and major)
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3
Q

RANGE OF MOTION: SHOULDER

A
  • Flexion: 180
  • Abduction: 180
  • External Rotation: 90
  • Internal Rotation: 70
  • Extension: 60
  • Adduction: 50

Scapular retraction, elevation, protaction

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4
Q

Yergason Test (Cipriano)

A

POSITIVE:

  • Localized Pain and/or tenderness at the bicipital groove
  • Audible click or the biceps tendon subluxes or dislocates

INDICATES:

  • Bicipital Tendinitis
  • Instability of the biceps tendon possibly associated with a torn transverse humeral ligament
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5
Q

Abbott-Saunders Test

A

POSITIVE:

  • Palpable and/or audible click

INDICATES:

- Subluxation or dislocation of the biceps tendon due to a rupture of the transverse humeral ligament or tendon subluxation beneath subscapularis muscle belly/tendon

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6
Q

SPEED TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Pain and/or tenderness in the bicipital groove

INDICATES:

  • Bicipital Tendinitis
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7
Q

APLEY TEST:

A

POSITIVE:

  • Exacerbation of pain

INDICATES:

  • Degenerative tendinitis of rotator cuff tendons (usually supraspinatus)
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8
Q

IMPINGEMENT SIGN:

A

POSITIVE:

  • Pain in the shoulder

INDICATES:

  • Overuse injury to the supraspinatus and possibly biceps tendon
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9
Q

DUGAS TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Inability to touch the opposite shoulder and/or inability of the elbow to touch the chest

INDICATES:

  • Acute dislocation of the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
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10
Q

ANTERIOR APPREHENSION TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Patient will have a noticeable look of apprehension or alarm on their face with possible pain

INDICATES:

  • Chronic anterior dislocation of the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
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11
Q

POSTERIOR APPREHENSION TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Patient will have a noticeable look of apprehension or alarm on their face with possible pain

INDICATES:

  • Chronic Posterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint
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12
Q

DROP ARM TEST/ aka CODMAN DROP ARM TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Patient will not be able to lower the arm slowly or the arm drops suddenly

INDICATES:

  • Rotator cuff tear, usually supraspinatus
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13
Q

DAWBARN TEST

A

Deep palpation of shoulder elicits well-localized tender area, by subacromial bursa

POSITIVE:

  • Decrease in pain and/or tenderness

INDICATES:

  • Subacromial bursitis
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14
Q

BONY PALPATION OF THE ELBOW

A
  1. Medial Epicondyle
  2. Medial Supracondylar line of the humerus
  3. Groove of the ulnar nerve
  4. Trochlea
  5. Olecranon
  6. Olecranon fossa
  7. Lateral Epicondyle
  8. Lateral Supracondylar line of the humerus
  9. Radial head
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15
Q

SOFT TISSUE PALPATION of ELBOW

A
  1. Biceps muscle
  2. Triceps muscle
  3. Suprcondylar Lymph Nodes
  4. Brachial Artery
  5. Medial Collateral Ligament
  6. Lateral Collateral Ligament
  7. Ulnar Nerve
  8. Olecranon Bursa
  9. Wrist flexor muscles (Palpate as a unit and individually)
    1. Pronator Teres
    2. Flexor Carpi Radialis
    3. Palmaris Longus
    4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  10. Elbow Flexors muscles “mobile wad of three” (palpate as a unit and individually)
    1. Brachioradialis
    2. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
    3. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
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16
Q

Range of motion: ELBOW

A
  • Elbow Flexion: 150
  • Elbow Extension: 0
  • Forearm Supination (radio-ulnar joint): 80
  • Forearm Pronation: 80
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17
Q

MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Excessive gapping & pain

INDICATES:

  • Medial Collateral ligament tear and/or instability
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18
Q

LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Excessive gapping & pain

INDICATES:

  • Lateral collateral ligament tear and/or instability
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19
Q

TINEL ELBOW SIGN

A

” This is my Taylor Reflex Hammer it feels something like this, is that ok? “

POSITIVE:

  • Pain and/or tenderness at the site being tapped and paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution area (fingers 4,5)

INDICATES:

  • Neuroma of the ulnar nerve
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20
Q

COZEN TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Pain over the lateral epicondyle

INDICATES:

  • Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
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21
Q

MILLS TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Pain over the lateral epicondyle

INDICATES:

  • Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis elbow)
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22
Q

GOLFER ELBOW TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Pain over the medial epicondyle

INDICATES:

  • Medial Epicondylitis
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23
Q

BONY PALPATION: CERVICAL SPINE

A

ANTERIOR ASPECT:

  1. Hyoid Bone
  2. Thyroid Cartilage
  3. First Cricoid Ring
  4. Mandible

POSTERIOR ASPECT:

  1. Occiput
  2. Inion (EOP)
  3. Superior Nuchal Line
  4. Mastoid Processes
  5. Spinous processes of Cervical Vertebrae
  6. Facet Joints
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24
Q

SOFT TISSUE PALPATION: CERVICAL SPINE

A
  1. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
  2. Anterior lymph node chain
  3. Posterior lymph node chain
  4. Thyroid gland
  5. Carotid Pulse
  6. Supraclavicular Fossa
  7. Trapezius Muscle
  8. Greater Occipital Nerves
  9. Superior Nuchal Ligament
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25
Q

RANGE OF MOTION: CERVICAL SPINE

A

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

  • ​Flexion 50
  • Extension 60
  • Lateral Bending Left 45
  • Lateral Bending Right 45
  • Left Rotation 80
  • Right Rotation 80
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26
Q

FORAMINAL COMPRESSION

A

POSITIVE:

  1. Exacerbation of localized cervical Pain
  2. Exacerbation of cervical pain with a radicular component

INDICATES:

  1. Foraminal Encroachment or facet pathology without nerve root compression
  2. Foraminal Encroachment or facet pathology with nerve root compression
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27
Q

CERVICAL DISTRACTION TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  1. Diminished or absence of local cervical pain
  2. Diminished or absence or radiating pain
  3. Increase of cervical pain

INDICATES:

  1. Foraminal encroachment without nerve root compression
  2. Foraminal encroachment with nerve root compression
  3. Muscular strain, ligamentous sprain, myospasm or facet capsulitis
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28
Q

SPINAL PERCUSSION TEST

A

” This is my Taylor reflex hammer it feels something like this “

POSITIVE:

  1. Local Pain
  2. Radiating

INDICATES:

  1. Possible fractured vertebrae, ligamentous involvment (spinous pain), and muscular involvment (muscular pain)
  2. Possible disc pathology
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29
Q

SHOULDER DEPRESSION TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  1. Localized pain on the side being tested
  2. Radicular pain on either side

INDICATES:

  1. Localized Pain: Dural sleeve adhesion, and muscular adhesion/contracture, or spasm, or ligamentous injury
  2. Radiating Pain: On side being tested neurovascular bundle compression, dural sleeve adhesions, or Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. On opposite side being tested foraminal encroachment with nerve root compression
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30
Q

VALSALVA MANEUVER

A

POSITIVE: Radiating pain from site of lesion (usually recreating the complaint in cervical or lumbar area of the spine)

INDICATES: Space occupying lesion (e.g. disc pathology)

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31
Q

SWALLOWING TEST

A

POSITIVE: Difficulty in swallowing

INDICATES: Space-Occupying lesion at anterior portion of cervical spine. Possibly esophageal or pharyngeal injury, anterior disc defect, muscle spasm or osteophytes etc.

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32
Q

SOTO-HALL SIGN

A

POSITIVE: Generalized pain in the cervical region, which may extend down to the level of T2

INDICATES: Non-specific test for structural integrity of cervical region

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33
Q

KERNIG SIGN

A

POSITIVE: Inability to fully extend the leg and/or pain (usually in the neck region)

INDICATES: Meningeal irritation/meningitis

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34
Q

O’ DONOGHUE MANEUVER

A

POSITIVE:

  1. Pain during passive range of motion
  2. Pain during resisted range of motion

INDICATES:

  1. Ligamentous sprain. (Passive ROM stresses ligaments)
  2. Muscle/tendon strain. (Active ROM stresses muscles and tendons)
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35
Q

Bony Palpation Wrist and Hand

A

Radial Syloid Process

Ulnar Styloid Process,

Lister’s Tubercle,

Scaphoid (navicular),

Lunate, Triquetrium,

Pisiform,

Trapezium,

Trapezoid,

Capitate,

Hamate,

Hook of Hamate,

Metacarpals,

Phalanges

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36
Q

Soft Tissue Palpation: Wrist and Hand

A

Ulnar Artery,

Radial Artery,

Palmaris Longus Tendon,

Carpal Tunnel Region,

Thenar Eminence,

Hypothenar Eminence,

Palmar Aponeurosis,

Tissues surrounding proximal interphalangeal joints,

Tissues surrounding distal interphalangeal joints,

Distal tufts of fingers

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37
Q

Range of Motion: Wrist and Hand

A

Wrist Flexion 80,

Wrist Extension 70,

Wrist Ulnar Deviation 30,

Wrist Radial Deviation 20,

Finger Abduction,

Finger Adduction,

Finger Flexion,

Finger Extension,

Thumb Flexion,

Thumb Extension,

Finger Opposition

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38
Q

Tinel Wrist Sign

A

” This is my Taylor reflex hammer, it feels something like this, is that ok? “

POSITIVE: Reproduction of pain, tenderness, and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and the lateral 1/2 of the 4th digit)

INDICATES: Median Neuritis, possibly Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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39
Q

PHALEN SIGN AND REVERSE PHALEN SIGN

aka Prayer Sign

A

Elbows same level as shoulders for 60 seconds

POSITIVE: Reproduction of pain and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (thumb, 2nd, 3rd, and the lateral 1/2 of the 4th digit)

INDICATES: Median Neuritis, possibly Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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40
Q

FINKELSTEIN TEST

A

POSITIVE: Pain distal to the radial styloid process

INDICATES: Stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons (DeQuervain’s Disease)

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41
Q

ALLEN TEST

A

57, 58, 59, 60 …… both hands pumping, bring them down both closed, open at same time, then let off of one artery and compare (TURN HEAD)

POSITIVE: A delay of more than 10 seconds (Evans 5 sec) in returning a reddish color to the hand

INDICATES: Radial or Ulnar Artery insufficiency. The artery held (occluded) by the examiner is not the artery being tested

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42
Q

RETINACULAR TEST

A

Patient presents with difficulty flexing the DIP joint

POSITIVE:

1) Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint cannot be achieved
2) Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint is achieved

INDICATES:

1) Joint Capsule Contracture
2) Tight Retinacular Ligament

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43
Q

BUNNEL - LITTLER TEST

A

Patient presents with difficulty flexing the PIP joint

POSITIVE:

  1. Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint cannot be achieved
  2. Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint is achieved

INDICATES:

  1. Joint Capsule Contracture
  2. Tight intrinsic muscles
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44
Q

Explain the “Initial Examination Procedure” of testing nerve roots:

A

“This is my pinwheel, it’s pointy and prickly and feels something like this, is that ok?”

  1. C4 on right compared to C4 on left (dermatome above)
  2. C5 on right compared to C5 on left (dermatome package)
  3. C6 on right compared to C6 on the left (dermatome below)
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45
Q

Explain the Secondary Examination Procedure with nerve roots:

A

FIRST

  1. C4 on the right side compared to C5 on the right side
  2. C5 of right side compared to C6 of right side

SECOND

  1. C4 of left side compared to C5 of left side
  2. C5 of left side compared to C6 of left side

“Can you feel this? AND does it feel like this?

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46
Q

S2 NERVE ROOT

A
  • DISC LEVEL: S1
  • SENSATION: Posterior aspect of thigh over popliteal fossa on to posterior medial calf
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47
Q

C5 NERVE ROOT

A
  • DISC LEVEL: C4
  • MUSCLE TESTS (2):
    1. Shoulder Abduction: Deltoid (axillary nerve)
    2. Forearm Flexion: Biceps (musculocutaneous nerve)
  • REFLEX: Biceps
  • SENSATION: Lateral Arm
48
Q

C6 NERVE ROOT

A
  • DISC LEVEL: C5
  • MUSCLE TEST (1):
    1. Wrist Extension: Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris (radial nerve)
  • REFLEX: Brachioradialis
  • SENSATION: Anterior Lateral Forearm, palm, thumb, and 2nd digit
49
Q

C7 NERVE ROOT

A
  • DISC LEVEL: C6
  • MUSCLE TESTS (3):
    1. Elbow Extension: Triceps (Radial Nerve)
    2. Wrist Flexion: Flexor carpi radialis (Median Nerve), Flexor ulnaris (ulnar nerve)
    3. Finger Extension: Extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis profundus, extensor digiti minimi (Radial nerve)
  • REFLEX: Triceps
  • SENSATION: 3rd digit, middle of palm
50
Q

C8 NERVE ROOT

A
  • DISC LEVEL: C7
  • MUSCLE TEST (1):
    1. Finger Flexion: Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, lumbricals (median and ulnar nerves)
  • REFLEX: NONE*
  • SENSATION: 4th and 5th digits, antero-medial hand and forearm
51
Q

T1 NERVE ROOT

A
  • DISC LEVEL: T1
  • MUSCLE TESTS (2):
    1. Finger Abduction: Dorsal Interossei (ulnar nerve)
    2. Finger Adduction: Palmer Interossei (ulnar nerve)
  • REFLEX: NONE**
  • SENSATION: Antero-medial arm (distal aspect of arm to proximal aspect of forearm)
52
Q

L4 NERVE ROOT

A
  • DISC LEVEL: L3
  • MUSCLE TEST (1):
    1. Foot Dorsiflexion and Inversion: Tibialis Anterior (deep fibular/peroneal nerve)
  • REFLEX: Patellar Tendon
  • SENSATION: Medial aspect of leg, medial foot, medial aspect of big toe
53
Q

L5 NERVE ROOT

A
  • DISC LEVEL: L4
  • MUSCLE TESTS (4):
    1. Foot Dorsiflexion: Gastrocnemius, Soleus
    2. Big Toe Dorsiflexion: Extensor hallucis longus (deep fibular/peroneal nerve)
    3. Toes 2, 3, 4 dorsiflexion: Extensor digitorum longus and brevis (deep fibular/peroneal nerve)
    4. Hip and Pelvis Abduction: Gluteus medius and minimus (superior gluteal nerve)
  • REFLEX: NONE*
  • SENSATION: Lateral leg, dorsum of foot, and middle third toes
54
Q

S1 NERVE ROOT

A
  • DISC LEVEL: L5
  • MUSCLE TESTS (3):
    1. Foot Plantarflexion: Gastrocnemius and Soleus (Tibial Nerve)
    2. Foot Plantar Flexion and Eversion: fibular/peroneus longus and brevis (superficial fibular/peroneal nerve)
    3. Hip Extension: Gluteus Maximus (Inferior gluteal nerve)
  • REFLEX: Achilles
  • SENSATION: Posterior aspect of the leg, lateral aspect of foot, and lateral aspect of little toe
63
Q

BONY PALPATION: LUMBAR SPINE

A
  1. Lumbar Spinous Processes
  2. Sacral Tubercles
  3. Iliac Crest
  4. PSIS
64
Q

RANGE OF MOTION: LUMBAR SPINE

A
  • FLEXION: 25
  • EXTENSION: 30
  • LEFT LATERAL BENDING: 25
  • RIGHT LATERAL BENDING: 25
  • LEFT ROTATION: 30
  • RIGHT ROTATION: 30
65
Q

HOOVER SIGN

A
  • POSITIVE: Lack of counter-pressure to opposite side
  • INDICATES: Lack of organic basis for paralysis (Malingering/hysteria). With organic hemiplegia, the patient will still exert downward pressure when attempting to raise paralyzed leg
66
Q

STRAIGHT LEG RAISER (SLR)

A
  • POSITIVE: Radiating pain and/or dull posterior thigh pain
  • INDICATES: Sciatic radiculopathy or tight hamstrings.
    • Positive between 35-70 degrees equals possible discogenic sciatic radiculopathy
    • > 70 equals tight hamstrings
67
Q

GOLDTHWAIT SIGN

A
  • POSITIVE: Localized pain, low back or radiating pain down the leg
  • INDICATES: Lumbo-sacral or sacroiliac pathology
    • Pain occuring after the lumbar spinouses move equals possible lumbo-sacral problem
    • Pain occuring before the lumbars move equals possible sacroiliac problem
68
Q

BRAGARD SIGN

A
  • POSITIVE: Radiating pain in posterior thigh
  • INDICATES: Sciatic Radiculopathy
69
Q

BUCKLING SING (CIPRIANO)

A
  • POSITIVE: Pain in the posterior thigh with sudden knee flexion (buckle)
  • INDICATES: Sciatic Radiculopathy
70
Q

BOWSTRING SIGN

A
  • POSITIVE: Pain in the lumbar region or radiculopathy
  • INDICATES: Sciatic nerve root compression, helps rule out tight hamstrings
71
Q

LASEGUE TEST

A
  • POSITIVE: Reproduction of sciatic pain before 60 degrees
  • INDICATES: Sciatica
72
Q

MILGRAM TEST

A
  • POSITIVE: Inability to perform test and/or low back pain
  • INDICATES: Weak abdominal muscles or space occupying lesion
73
Q

SOFT TISSUE PALPATION: LUMBAR SPINE

A
  1. Paraspinal Muscles (palpate as a unit and individually) superficial layer
    • Spinalis
    • Longissimus
    • Iliocostalis
  2. Sciatic Nerve
  3. Gluteus Maximus
  4. Gluteus Medius
  5. Hamstrings
    • Biceps Femoris
    • Semitendinosus
    • Semimembranosus
  6. Anterior Abdominal Muscles
74
Q

VALSALVA MANEUVER

A
  • POSITIVE: Radiating pain from site of lesion (usually recreating the complaint in cervical or lumbar area of the spine)
  • INDICATES: Space occupying lesion (e.g. disc pathology)
75
Q

BECHTEREW TEST

A
  • POSITIVE: Reproduction of radicular pain or inability to perform correctly due to tripod sign
  • INDICATES: Sciatic radiculopathy
76
Q

NERI BOWING TEST (Neri Sign)

A
  • POSITIVE: Pain accompanied by flexion of the knee on the affected side and body rotation away from the affected side
  • INDICATES: Positive with a variety of low back pathologies. Hamstring tension on the pelvis may trigger the response
77
Q

ANTERIOR INNOMINATE aka MAZION PELVIC MANEUVER (ADVANCEMENT SIGN)

A
  • POSITIVE:

The inability to bend at the waist more than 45 degrees, because of either/or

  1. Radiating pain along the sciatic nerve, either unilateral or bilateral
  2. Low back pain (lumbar or pelvic regions)
  • INDICATES:
    1. Sciatic neuralgia or radiculopathy, etc., possibly due to lumbar disc pathology
    2. Anterior (rotational) displacement of the ilium relative to the sacrum
78
Q

LEWIN STANDING TEST

A
  • POSITIVE:

Radiating pain down the leg causing flexion of the patient’s knee or knees

  • INDICATES:

Gluteal, lumbosacral or sacroiliac pathologies

79
Q

HEEL WALK

A
  • POSITIVE:

Inability to perform the test

  • INDICATES:

L4-L5 disc lesion (L5 nerve root)

80
Q

TOE WALK

A
  • POSITIVE:

Inability to perform test

  • INDICATES:

L5-S1 disc lesion (S1 nerve root)

81
Q

ELY HEEL TO BUTTOCK TEST (Evans calls this Ely sign as an a.k.a.)

A

POSITIVE:

  1. Inability to raise the thigh
  2. Pain in the anterior thigh
  3. Pain in the lumbar region

INDICATES:

  1. Iliopsoas spasm
  2. Inflammation of lumbar nerve roots
  3. Lumbar nerve root adhesions
83
Q

RANGE OF MOTION:

HIP AND PELVIS

A
  • Flexion 120
  • Extension 30
  • Abduction 45
  • Adduction 45
  • Internal Rotation 45
  • External Rotation 45
  • Flexion and Adduction
  • Flexion, Abduction, and External rotation
84
Q

LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCY

A

POSITIVE:

  • Different Measurements

INDICATES:

  • True = bony abnormality above or below level of trochanter difference (anatomical short leg).
  • Apparent = pelvic Obliquity (Tilted pelvis)
85
Q

ALLIS SIGN

A

POSITIVE:

  • Difference in height and anteriority of the knees

INDICATES:

  1. If one knee is lower = ipsilateral congenital hip dislocation or tibial discrepancy (anatomical short leg)
  2. If one knee is anterior = ipsilateral congenital hip dislocation or femoral discrepancy (contralateral anatomical short leg)
86
Q

THOMAS TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Lumbar spine maintains lordosis (should flatten) and hip or leg flexes

INDICATES:

  • Contracture of the hip flexors (iliopsoas)
87
Q

ANVIL TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Localized pain in long bone or in hip joint

INDICATES:

  • Possible Fracture of long bones, or hip joint pathology
88
Q

PATRICK TEST aka FABERE sign

A

POSITIVE:

  • Pain in the hip region

INDICATES:

  • Hip joint pathology
89
Q

LAGUERRE TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  1. Pain in the hip joint
  2. Pain in the sacroiliac joint

INDICATES:

  1. Hip joint pathology
  2. Mechanical problem of the sacroiliac joint
90
Q

GAENSLEN TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Pain on the affected SI joint stressed into extension

INDICATES:

  • General sacroiliac joint lesion, anterior sacroiliac ligament sprain, or inflammation of the SI joint
91
Q

BONY PALPATION: HIP AND PELVIS

A

ANTERIOR

  1. ASIS
  2. Iliac Crest
  3. Iliac Tubercle
  4. Greater Trochanter

POSTERIOR

  1. PSIS
  2. Ischial tuberosity
  3. Coccyx
92
Q

SOFT TISSUE PALPATION: HIP & PELVIS

A
  1. Femoral Triangle Borders
    • Sartorius
    • Adductor Longus
    • Inguinal Ligament
  2. Quadriceps Muscle (palpate as a unit and individually)
    • Vastus Lateralis
    • Vastus Medialis
    • Vastus Intermedius
    • Rectus Femoris
  3. Greater Trochanteric Bursa
  4. Gluteus Medius
  5. Gluteus Maximus
  6. Sciatic Nerve
  7. Cluneal Nerves
  8. Hamstrings
    • Biceps femoris
    • Semitendinosus
    • Semimembranosus
93
Q

LEWIN - GAENSLEN TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Pain on the affected SI joint stressed into extension

INDICATES:

  • General sacroiliac joint lesion, anterior sacroiliac ligament sprain, or inflammation of the SI joint
94
Q

HIBB TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  1. Pain in the hip region
  2. Pain in the buttock/pelvic region

INDICATES:

  1. Hip joint pathology
  2. Sacroiliac joint lesion
95
Q

OBER TEST

A

POSITIVE:

Affected thgih remains in abduction (Normal biomechanics, the thigh/hip will adduct)

INDICATES:

Contraction of the iliotibial band or tensor fascia lata, (usually secondary to synovitis of the hip, secondary to trauma of the gluteus medius and maximus)

96
Q

PELVIC ROCK TEST aka ILIAC COMPRESSION TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Pain in either sacroiliac joint

INDICATES:

  • Sacroiliac joint lesion
97
Q

NACHLAS TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Pain in the buttock and/or pain in the lumbar region

INDICATES:

  • Sacroiliac joint lesion, or Lumbar pathology
98
Q

YEOMAN TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Pain deep in the SI joint

INDICATES:

  • Sprain of the anterior sacroiliac ligaments
99
Q

ELY SIGN (ELY TEST - CIPRIANO)

A

POSITIVE:

  • Hip on side being tested will flex causing the buttock to raise off the table

INDICATES:

  • Rectus Femoris or hip flexor contracture
100
Q

ELY HEEL TO BUTTOCK TEST (cipriano)

A

POSITIVE:

  1. Inability to raise the thigh
  2. Pain in the anterior thigh
  3. Pain in the lumbar region

INDICATES:

  1. Iliopsoas spasm
  2. Inflammation of lumbar nerve roots
  3. Lumbar nerve root adhesions
101
Q

TRENDELENBURG TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • High iliac crest on supported side and low crest on side of elevated leg

INDICATES:

  • Weak gluteus medius muscle on the supported side
104
Q

BONY PALPATION: KNEE ​

A
  1. Patella
  2. Medial Tibial plateau
  3. Tibial tubercle
  4. Medial Femoral Condyle
  5. Lateral Tibial Plateau
  6. Lateral Femoral Condyle
  7. Fibula head
105
Q

SOFT TISSUE PALPATION:

KNEE

A
  1. Quadriceps muscles (Palpate as a unit and individually)
    • Vastus Lateralis
    • Vastus Medialis
    • Vastus Intermedius
    • Rectus Femoris
  2. Infrapatellar Tendon
  3. Bursae
    • Prepatellar
    • Superficial Infrapatellar
  4. Medial Meniscus
  5. Lateral Meniscus
  6. Pes Anserine Area
    • Sartorius
    • Gracilis
    • Semitendinosus
  7. Popliteal Fossa
  8. Lateral Collateral Ligament
  9. Medial Collateral Ligament
  10. Gastrocnemius Muscle
106
Q

RANGE OF MOTION:

KNEE

A
  • FLEXION : 135
  • EXTENSION: 0
  • INTERNAL ROTATION
  • EXTERNAL ROTATION
107
Q

McMURRAY SIGN

A

POSITIVE:

  • Clicking sound or pain by knee joint

INDICATES:

  • Tear of medial meniscus if positive on external rotation
  • Tear of lateral meniscus if positive on internal rotation
  • The greater the angle the knee is flexed when the positive is elicited, the more posterior the meniscal injury
108
Q

MEDIAL COLLATERL LIGAMENT TEST aka ABDUCTION STRESS TEST aka VALGUS STRESS TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below joint line

INDICATES:

  • Tear and/or instability of the medial collateral ligament
109
Q

LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT TEST aka ADDUCTION STRESS TEST aka VARUS STRESS TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below the joint line

INDICATES:

  • Tear and/or instability of the lateral collateral ligament
110
Q

BOUNCE HOME TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Knee does not go into full extension (slight flexion remains)

INDICATES:

  • Diffuse swelling of the knee, accumulation of fluid, due to possible torn meniscus
111
Q

DRAWER TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  1. Gapping > 6 mm (tibia moves posterior) when the leg is pushed
  2. Gapping > 6 mm (tibia moves anterior) when the leg is pulled

INDICATES:

  1. Torn posterior cruciate ligament
  2. Torn anterior cruciate ligament
112
Q

LACHMAN TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Gapping with the tibia moving away from the femur

INDICATES:

  • Anterior Cruciate ligament or posterior oblique ligament instability
113
Q

APPREHENSION TEST FOR PATELLA

A

POSITIVE:

  • Apprehension, distress or facial expression, contraction of quadriceps to bring patella back in line

INDICATES:

  • Chronic patella dislocation or pre-disposition to dislocation
114
Q

BONY PALPATION:

FOOT AND ANKLE

A
  1. Calcaneus
  2. Sustentaculum Tali
  3. Medial Malleolus
  4. Lateral Malleolus
  5. Talus
  6. Navicular
  7. Cuboid
  8. 3 Cuneiforms
  9. 5 Metatarsals
  10. Metatarsophalangeal joints
115
Q

SOFT TISSUE PALPATION:

FOOT AND ANKLE

A
  1. Tibialis Posterior tendon
  2. Spring ligament
  3. Tibialis anterior tendon
  4. Deltoid ligament
  5. Fibular/Peroneus brevis
  6. Achilles tendon
  7. Plantar Aponeurosis
  8. Anterior Talofibular ligament
  9. Posterior tibial artery
  10. Dorsal pedal artery
116
Q

RANGE OF MOTION:

FOOT AND ANKLE

A
  • Ankle Dorsiflexion 20
  • Ankle Plantarflexion 50
  • Subtalar Inversion 5
  • Subtalar Eversion 5
  • 1st MTP Joint Flexion
  • 1st MTP Joint Extension
117
Q

PATELLA FEMORAL GRINDING TEST

(aka Clarke Sign)

A

POSITIVE:

  • Retropatellar pain and the patient is unable to hold the quadriceps contraction

INDICATES:

  • Degenerative changes of the patellar facets and/or within the trochlear groove (chondromalacia patella)
118
Q

PATELLA BALLOTTEMENT TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • A floating sensation of the patella

INDICATES:

  • A large amount of swelling in the knee
119
Q

APLEY COMPRESSION TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Patient points to the side of pain

INDICATES:

  • Pain on the medial side is medial meniscus tear. Pain on the lateral side indicates lateral meniscus tear
120
Q

APLEY DISTRACTION TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Patient will point to side of pain

INDICATES:

  • Pain on the medial side indicates medial collateral ligament tear. Pain on the lateral side indicates lateral collateral ligament tear
121
Q
A
122
Q

DRAWER SIGN

A

POSITIVE:

  • Translation with the talus moving away from or toward the tibia

INDICATES:

  1. With tibia pushed/foot pulled; a tear/instability of the anterior talofibular ligament
  2. With tibia pulled/foot pushed; a tear/instability of posterior talofibular ligament
123
Q

ANKLE DORSIFLEXION TEST (Hoppenfeld)

A

POSITIVE:

  1. The foot cannot dorsiflex with knee extended, but is able to with knee flexed
  2. The foot cannot dorsiflex in either knee position

INDICATES:

  1. Contracture of the gastrocnemius muscle
  2. Contracture of the soleus muscle
124
Q

RIGID OR SUPPLE FLAT FEET TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  1. Absence of medial longitudinal arch in both positions
  2. Presence of medial longitudinal arch while seated with a loss of medial longitudinal arch while standing

INDICATES:

  1. Rigid Flat Feet
  2. Supple Flat Feet
125
Q

HOMANS SIGN

A

POSITIVE:

Deep pain in the calf

INDICATES:

Deep vein thrombophlebitis

126
Q

THOMPSON TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Absence of foot plantarflexion motion

INDICATES:

  • Achilles tendon rupture
127
Q

MORTON TEST

A

POSITIVE:

  • Sharp pain in the forefoot

INDICATES:

  • Metatarsalgia or neuroma (usually at the 3rd and 4th metatarsal interspace)

6 ORTHO (16 decks)

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