写作常用替换词 verb Flashcards
1
Q
make sth. strong
A
strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth.
2
Q
make sth. weak
A
weaken/ erode （侵蚀）
3
Q
make sth. better
A
enhance/ better（很少看到国内考生用better当动词，其实在学术写作中better sth.是挺常见的表达 ）
4
Q
make sth. worse
A
aggravate/ exacerbate sth.
5
Q
control…(a negative trend)
A
curb…(crime/ pollution/ economic recessions)
6
Q
stop
A
cease
7
Q
manage sth.
A
≈ regulate sth./oversee sth.
8
Q
appear
A
emerge/ arise （后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate）
9
Q
die out
A
go extinct
10
Q
fail to see
A
neglect/ overlook
11
Q
set…free
A
release (prisoners/ stress)
12
Q
begin
A
commence/ initiate (后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiate the conflict)
13
Q
narrow/ bridge the gap between A and B(注意这里bridge作动词）
A
[反义] widen the gap between A and B
14
Q
be forced to do sth.
A
be compelled to do sth.
15
Q
keep complaining about sth.
A
grumble about sth.
16
Q
try hard to do sth.
A
≈pursue sth.(one’s goal/one’s career/ business interests/ maximum profit/ hegemony)
17
Q
do sth.
A
≈ perform/ conduct （注意这里的perform不是“表演”而是“从事”）
18
Q
do not do sth.
A
refrain from doing sth.
19
Q
carry out
A
implement
20
Q
turn…into…
A
convert…to/ into…
21
Q
decrease
A
decline/ dwindle（特指逐渐缓慢的减少）/ dip/ slip (后两个词用来指短促的下降)
22
Q
make a crime
A
commit a crime（注意作文中不要用make a crime这样不地道的英文）
23
Q
commit a crime again
A
revert to crime （这里的crime作不可数名词）
24
Q
punish
A
penalize
25
[派生]punishment
penalty
26
spread
propagate/ disseminate （这两个词后面经常跟information/ ideas/ belief这类名词）
27
develop fast
flourish/ thrive
28
develop （这里作“培养”的意思
cultivate/ foster/ nurture（这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名词，比如an interest in social issues）
29
[相关]fast-developing
burgeoning
30
accept
adopt（注意这个词不是adapt适应，而是接纳，采纳的意思）
31
build
construct
32
gather
garner，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen
33
measure
gauge, 比measure稍正式一点
34
teach sth.
≈impart sth./ inculcate sth.（注意如果teach后面是人则不要替换）
35
start
initiate 多用于政府类话题
36
support
espouse，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion（作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词sanction（它作名词则变成了“制裁”）
37
praise
≈ compliment/ extol（后面这个语气很强）
38
support
≈ buttress/ bolster
39
prove/ confirm
verify
40
create
generate（一般是大规模的产生，比如generate employment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/ electricity) breed（一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict/ crime/ resentment）spawn（一般是产生新事物，比如spawn inventions/ innovations）
41
use
≈ utilize/exploit
42
use…again
recycle
43
work hard
work assiduously
44
get
≈ acquire（注意acquire/ gain knowledge比learn knowledge在地道英文中更加常见）
45
consider
contemplate/ reflect on/ ponder
46
meet
encounter，多用于政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些的话题
47
provide sth.
afford sth. （在正式英文写作中，afford经常可以表示“提供”
48
need
require（注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need，但如果主语是事物，则可以改用require）
49
like sth. very much
≈ have an affinity for sth./ have a strong attachment to sth.
50
be unhappy about
complain about (v.)/ be discontended with (adj.)
51
ask for
request
52
raise
elevate，就是正式版的raise，但只是“提高”而不能表示抚养小孩的意思
53
look like sth.
resemble sth.
54
treat…poorly
mistreat…/ abuse…
55
consider sth. valuable
value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth.
56
keep
≈ maintain/ preserve（这个词后面经常跟 traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources等）
57
mix… together
blend/ combine/ synthesize
58
solve
tackle/ combat/ address
59
notice
discern
60
understand… to mean…/ to be…
interpret…as…（很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把…理解为……）
61
choose sth./ choose to do sth.
opt for sth./ opt to do sth.
62
achieve
fulfill (one's dream/ one's goal/ one's potential/ one's obligation/ one's promise/ one's task)
63
appear in large numbers
sprout up/ mushroom
64
make… less serious
relieve/ ease/ alleviate（作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion等）
65
pay…for (one's loss)
compensate…for…
66
pay…for (one's effort)
reward…for…
67
make sth. faster
accelerate sth./ speed up sth.
68
join
participate in
69
outweight
prevail over（大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题目中经常出现outweight这个词用来比较事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）
70
contribute to
promote/ facilitate（这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟to）
71
prevent the development of…
hinder/impede/ inhibit/ obstruct…
72
find out
≈ identify
73
encourage sb. to…
≈motivate sb. to…
74
like sth. very much
adore sth.
75
dislike sth. very much
abhor/ detest/ loathe
76
hate
resent/ hold a grudge against
77
limit
restrict/ constrain
78
avoid
≈ bypass/ eschew/ shun
79
is not limited to…
is not restricted to…/ is not confined to…（经常用来描述一个trend不仅限于某个范围）
80
be so surprised
be astonished/ be astounded/ be startled
81
decide
determine
82
move to…
relocate to…/ have been relocated to…
83
come from…
originate from/ in…
84
improve
boost/ enhance（比如boost solidarity增进团结/ enhance productivity提高生产率）
85
waste
use… lavishly
86
attack
assail （语气更强烈）
87
reduce
curtail（多用于政府投资类话题）/diminish（多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）
88
increase
augment（多用于政府投资类话题）
89
help
assist
90
help (n.)
assistance
91
set up
establish
92
try to do sth.
attempt to do sth.
93
try hard to do sth.
make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.
94
change
alter
95
change… a lot
fundamentally change…/ radically change…/ transform…
96
solve
address/ combat
97
correct (vt.)
rectify (a mistake)
98
take down
demolish/ raze（谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）
99
obey
abide by/ comply with/ conform to (后面跟the law/ rules/ regulations等）
100
ban
ban… altogether/ strictly prohibit…
101
criticize
condemn/ denounce（这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但不要用在教育类）
102
increase
show an upward trend/ be on the rise反义：show a downward trend
103
depend on
hinge on= be contingent on（意思是：取决于 ……）
104
depend on
rely on（意思是：依靠……）
105
deal with
cope with
106
do one's best to do sth.
commit oneself to doing sth./ strive to do sth./ do one's utmost to do sth./ spare no effort to do sth.
107
use up
exhaust (energy/ resources)/ stretch (resources) to the limit
108
report the details of sth.
report sth. In graphic detail
109
prevent sb. from focusing on…
distract sb. from…
110
spend A on B
≈ dedicate A to B
111
use too much…
stretch… to the limit/ put a strain on…
112
pour
discharge（排放，环境类话题常用，比如discharge chemical waste into rivers, streams and lakes）
113
get used to
get accustomed to
114
die out
go extinct
115
continue to exist
persist
116
come with…
be attended by / be accompanied by…
117
broaden one's horizons
expand one's outlook/ enlarge one's vision (broaden one's horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值)
118
break the law
violate the law
119
put sb. In prison
incarcerate sb.
120
make laws against…
legislate against…
121
[相关]law
legislation (名词，注意law在特指具体的法律时可以用复数，但是legislation不能用复数）
122
make sth. active
stimulate （后面经常跟imagination/ creativity/ interest/ economic growth等词汇）
123
make one's dream come true
fulfill one's potential/ attain one's goal
124
have the right to do sth.
be entitled to do sth.
125
lead to change in
act as a catalyst for change in…
126
stick to
adhere to/ cling to （注意后面这个有时候略带贬义）
127
deal with the need
meet the demand/ satisfy the need
128
take… away from sb.
deprive sb. of…（省略号中可以填入freedom/ leisure time/ the right to等值得拥有的内容)
129
give sb. the ability to
enable sb. to
130
get a clear idea of
get a clear perspective of
131
be lost
go astray（作文中如果写青少年“误入歧途”，就不要再写get lost)
132
spend too much time on
be addicted to/ be preoccupied with/ be obsessed with (这三个词组的语气越来越强)
133
prepare for…
pave the way for…/ lay the groundwork for…/ lay a solid foundation for…（为……打好基础）
134
break the balance
upset the balance
135
balance A and B
strike a balance between A and B (在A 和B之间争取一种平衡)
136
catch
capture
137
think of… as
regard…as/ view…as/perceive…as
138
get rid of
eliminate/ remove
139
get rid of
abolish（多用于政府类话题，废除）
140
make… higher
drive up（后面经常跟the crime rate/ unemployment rate）
