写作常用替换词 verb Flashcards
make sth. strong
strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth.
make sth. weak
weaken/ erode （侵蚀）
make sth. better
enhance/ better（很少看到国内考生用better当动词，其实在学术写作中better sth.是挺常见的表达 ）
make sth. worse
aggravate/ exacerbate sth.
control…(a negative trend)
curb…(crime/ pollution/ economic recessions)
stop
cease
manage sth.
≈ regulate sth./oversee sth.
appear
emerge/ arise （后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate）
die out
go extinct
fail to see
neglect/ overlook
set…free
release (prisoners/ stress)
begin
commence/ initiate (后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiate the conflict)
narrow/ bridge the gap between A and B(注意这里bridge作动词）
[反义] widen the gap between A and B
be forced to do sth.
be compelled to do sth.
keep complaining about sth.
grumble about sth.
try hard to do sth.
≈pursue sth.(one’s goal/one’s career/ business interests/ maximum profit/ hegemony)
do sth.
≈ perform/ conduct （注意这里的perform不是“表演”而是“从事”）
do not do sth.
refrain from doing sth.
carry out
implement
turn…into…
convert…to/ into…
decrease
decline/ dwindle（特指逐渐缓慢的减少）/ dip/ slip (后两个词用来指短促的下降)
make a crime
commit a crime（注意作文中不要用make a crime这样不地道的英文）
commit a crime again
revert to crime （这里的crime作不可数名词）
punish
penalize
[派生]punishment
penalty
spread
propagate/ disseminate （这两个词后面经常跟information/ ideas/ belief这类名词）
develop fast
flourish/ thrive
develop （这里作“培养”的意思
cultivate/ foster/ nurture（这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名词，比如an interest in social issues）
[相关]fast-developing
burgeoning
accept
adopt（注意这个词不是adapt适应，而是接纳，采纳的意思）
build
construct
gather
garner，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen
measure
gauge, 比measure稍正式一点
teach sth.
≈impart sth./ inculcate sth.（注意如果teach后面是人则不要替换）
start
initiate 多用于政府类话题
support
espouse，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion（作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词sanction（它作名词则变成了“制裁”）
praise
≈ compliment/ extol（后面这个语气很强）
support
≈ buttress/ bolster
prove/ confirm
verify
create
generate（一般是大规模的产生，比如generate employment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/ electricity) breed（一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict/ crime/ resentment）spawn（一般是产生新事物，比如spawn inventions/ innovations）
use
≈ utilize/exploit
use…again
recycle
work hard
work assiduously
get
≈ acquire（注意acquire/ gain knowledge比learn knowledge在地道英文中更加常见）
consider
contemplate/ reflect on/ ponder
meet
encounter，多用于政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些的话题
provide sth.
afford sth. （在正式英文写作中，afford经常可以表示“提供”
need
require（注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need，但如果主语是事物，则可以改用require）
like sth. very much
≈ have an affinity for sth./ have a strong attachment to sth.
be unhappy about
complain about (v.)/ be discontended with (adj.)
ask for
request
raise
elevate，就是正式版的raise，但只是“提高”而不能表示抚养小孩的意思
look like sth.
resemble sth.
treat…poorly
mistreat…/ abuse…
consider sth. valuable
value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth.
keep
≈ maintain/ preserve（这个词后面经常跟 traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources等）
mix… together
blend/ combine/ synthesize
solve
tackle/ combat/ address
notice
discern
understand… to mean…/ to be…
interpret…as…（很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把…理解为……）
choose sth./ choose to do sth.
opt for sth./ opt to do sth.
achieve
fulfill (one’s dream/ one’s goal/ one’s potential/ one’s obligation/ one’s promise/ one’s task)
appear in large numbers
sprout up/ mushroom
make… less serious
relieve/ ease/ alleviate（作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion等）
pay…for (one’s loss)
compensate…for…
pay…for (one’s effort)
reward…for…
make sth. faster
accelerate sth./ speed up sth.
join
participate in
outweight
prevail over（大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题目中经常出现outweight这个词用来比较事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）
contribute to
promote/ facilitate（这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟to）
prevent the development of…
hinder/impede/ inhibit/ obstruct…
find out
≈ identify
encourage sb. to…
≈motivate sb. to…
like sth. very much
adore sth.
dislike sth. very much
abhor/ detest/ loathe
hate
resent/ hold a grudge against
limit
restrict/ constrain
avoid
≈ bypass/ eschew/ shun
is not limited to…
is not restricted to…/ is not confined to…（经常用来描述一个trend不仅限于某个范围）
be so surprised
be astonished/ be astounded/ be startled
decide
determine
move to…
relocate to…/ have been relocated to…
come from…
originate from/ in…
improve
boost/ enhance（比如boost solidarity增进团结/ enhance productivity提高生产率）
waste
use… lavishly
attack
assail （语气更强烈）
reduce
curtail（多用于政府投资类话题）/diminish（多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）
increase
augment（多用于政府投资类话题）
help
assist
help (n.)
assistance
set up
establish
try to do sth.
attempt to do sth.
try hard to do sth.
make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.
change
alter
change… a lot
fundamentally change…/ radically change…/ transform…
solve
address/ combat
correct (vt.)
rectify (a mistake)
take down
demolish/ raze（谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）
obey
abide by/ comply with/ conform to (后面跟the law/ rules/ regulations等）
ban
ban… altogether/ strictly prohibit…
criticize
condemn/ denounce（这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但不要用在教育类）
increase
show an upward trend/ be on the rise反义：show a downward trend
depend on
hinge on= be contingent on（意思是：取决于 ……）
depend on
rely on（意思是：依靠……）
deal with
cope with
do one’s best to do sth.
commit oneself to doing sth./ strive to do sth./ do one’s utmost to do sth./ spare no effort to do sth.
use up
exhaust (energy/ resources)/ stretch (resources) to the limit
report the details of sth.
report sth. In graphic detail
prevent sb. from focusing on…
distract sb. from…
spend A on B
≈ dedicate A to B
use too much…
stretch… to the limit/ put a strain on…
pour
discharge（排放，环境类话题常用，比如discharge chemical waste into rivers, streams and lakes）
get used to
get accustomed to
die out
go extinct
continue to exist
persist
come with…
be attended by / be accompanied by…
broaden one’s horizons
expand one’s outlook/ enlarge one’s vision (broaden one’s horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值)
break the law
violate the law
put sb. In prison
incarcerate sb.
make laws against…
legislate against…
[相关]law
legislation (名词，注意law在特指具体的法律时可以用复数，但是legislation不能用复数）
make sth. active
stimulate （后面经常跟imagination/ creativity/ interest/ economic growth等词汇）
make one’s dream come true
fulfill one’s potential/ attain one’s goal
have the right to do sth.
be entitled to do sth.
lead to change in
act as a catalyst for change in…
stick to
adhere to/ cling to （注意后面这个有时候略带贬义）
deal with the need
meet the demand/ satisfy the need
take… away from sb.
deprive sb. of…（省略号中可以填入freedom/ leisure time/ the right to等值得拥有的内容)
give sb. the ability to
enable sb. to
get a clear idea of
get a clear perspective of
be lost
go astray（作文中如果写青少年“误入歧途”，就不要再写get lost)
spend too much time on
be addicted to/ be preoccupied with/ be obsessed with (这三个词组的语气越来越强)
prepare for…
pave the way for…/ lay the groundwork for…/ lay a solid foundation for…（为……打好基础）
break the balance
upset the balance
balance A and B
strike a balance between A and B (在A 和B之间争取一种平衡)
catch
capture
think of… as
regard…as/ view…as/perceive…as
get rid of
eliminate/ remove
get rid of
abolish（多用于政府类话题，废除）
make… higher
drive up（后面经常跟the crime rate/ unemployment rate）
