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toefl > 写作常用替换词 n > Flashcards

写作常用替换词 n Flashcards

1
Q

things that one tries hard to do

A

one’s undertakings/ one’s commitments

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2
Q

The fact is that…

A

The reality is that…

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3
Q

joy

A

happiness/ delight/ enjoyment

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4
Q

sadness

A

sorrow/ grief

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5
Q

danger

A

hazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般) [派生] dangerous；hazardous

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6
Q

education

A

≈schooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting）[区分]家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，比如children’s upbringing；而parenting是从家长的角度来说，比如sensible parenting.

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7
Q

advertisement/ advertising

A

如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers（传单广告，最常见的形式就是“135**，办证”），billboards（大幅的广告牌）或者non-profit advertisements=public-interest advertisements （公益广告）

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8
Q

car

A

automobile

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9
Q

economic crisis

A

economic meltdown（很接近）/recession（这个一般仅仅还是衰退）/the Great Depression（这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了）

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10
Q

famous people

A

celebrities （单数为celebrity）

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11
Q

human beings（备考生使用过多）

A

humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科）/the human race

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12
Q

wealth

A

fortune(s) （fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）

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13
Q

[相关] rich

A

wealthy/ affluent (adj.)

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14
Q

skill

A

≈technique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技)

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15
Q

[派生] skilled

A

adept/ adroit (adj.)

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16
Q

method

A

methodology (国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是method的故作高深版）

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17
Q

field

A

sphere/ domain/ area

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18
Q

understanding of

A

≈ grasp of/ command of

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19
Q

choice

A

option

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20
Q

cooperation

A

≈collaboration

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21
Q

basic structure in a city or a country

A

infrastructure

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22
Q

tiredness for a long time

A

fatigue

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23
Q

is a must of

A

is a prerequisite for （是……的必备先决条件）

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24
Q

the Internet

A

≈the information highway(一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次是常事儿)

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25
Q

honesty

A

≈integrity

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26
Q

strong belief

A

faith (in)

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27
Q

aim

A

intention

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28
Q

worries

A

anxieties (是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）

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29
Q

influence

A

impact/ repercussion/ implication

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30
Q

influence on each other

A

mutual influence（类似的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and B

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31
Q

many different kinds of…

A

a variety of…/ a wide array of…/ a wide range of…

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32
Q

wrong ideas held by many people

A

misconceptions

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33
Q

fame

A

prestige/ sterling reputation

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34
Q

range

A

≈spectrum

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35
Q

sense

A

≈ recognition

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36
Q

part

A

component （这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指“部分”）

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37
Q

wise

A

[相关] sensible (adj.)

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38
Q

gap

A

disparity

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39
Q

a system for a particular purpose

A

≈ a mechanism for…

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40
Q

a solution to sth.

A

a remedy for sth. （生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）

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41
Q

bad students

A

≈ unruly students/ disruptive students

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42
Q

bad behavior

A

unethical behavior/ immoral behavior

43
Q

organizations that help poor people

A

charities/ charitable organizations

44
Q

difference

A

distinction

45
Q

[派生] be different from

A

be distinct from (adj.)

46
Q

person

A

individual

47
Q

personality

A

≈ disposition

48
Q

businesses

A

enterprises（这里指企业）

49
Q

prices that are too high

A

exorbitant prices

50
Q

the rate of…

A

the incidence of…（后面一般跟坏事儿，比如unemployment/ crime/ a disease）

51
Q

intense enthusiasm

A

zeal/ passion

52
Q

cultural globalization（有过多人使用这个词）

A

global cultural homogenization

53
Q

a thing that is necessary

A

a necessity

54
Q

a thing that is new and interesting

A

a novelty

55
Q

a thing that is rare

A

a rarity

56
Q

things that people are not sure about

A

uncertainties

57
Q

a world language

A

a universal language

58
Q

friends

A

companions

59
Q

relaxation

A

≈ recreation

60
Q

self-respect

A

≈ self-esteem and dignity

61
Q

respect sb./ sth.

A

hold sb./ sth. in high regard

62
Q

[反义] look down on…

A

treat … with contempt = despise (v.)

63
Q

self-control

A

self-discipline

64
Q

criminal

A

convict

65
Q

prisoner

A

inmate

66
Q

drinks

A

≈ alcoholic beverages

67
Q

people who walk on the street

A

pedestrians

68
Q

old generations in history

A

ancestors

69
Q

a person who benefits from sth.

A

a beneficiary of sth.

70
Q

a disease that spreads quickly

A

an epidemic （注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，却不是形容词）

71
Q

a very unpleasant way of life

A

misery

72
Q

a task that requires lots of effort

A

an arduous task

73
Q

emotion

A

≈ sentiment

74
Q

enemy

A

≈ opponent/ foe

75
Q

narrow minds

A

insular minds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）

76
Q

a way to do sth.

A

an approach to doing sth./ an avenue towards sth.

77
Q

hobby

A

≈ pastime/ diversion

78
Q

progress

A

progression （经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于society/ career/ technology的话题）

79
Q

failure

A

setback（注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）

80
Q

importance

A

significance（当你用了一次importance之后，第二次不妨用这个）

81
Q

duty

A

obligation（用于比较重要的责任）

82
Q

difficulty

A

hindrance/ impediment/ hurdles

83
Q

pressure from your classmates

A

peer pressure

84
Q

citizens who can work

A

labor force/ workforce（都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）

85
Q

problems or diseases that exist for a long time

A

persistent problems/ chronic diseases

86
Q

a life without regular exercise

A

a sedentary lifestyle

87
Q

result

A

consequence （表示消极的结果更多一些）

88
Q

thoughts

A

≈ considerations

89
Q

the lack of knowledge

A

ignorance （注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）

90
Q

harm (n.)

A

adverse effect

91
Q

harm (vt.)

A

damage destroy/ ruin （这两个词比damage程度更重）spoil（后面跟the cityscape/ scenery/ environment）undermine （后面跟抽象概念，比如stability/ social order/ harmony）jeopardize （后面跟抽象概念，比如one’s future/ one’s career）tarnish （后面跟one’s reputation/ image）sap/ dampen （后面跟one’s enthusiasm/ interest/ confidence）

92
Q

[派生] harmful

A

detrimental (adj.)

93
Q

[派生] be harmful to

A

≈ pose a threat to

94
Q

bad luck

A

misfortune

95
Q

trouble

A

adversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship

96
Q

crime

A

offense/ criminal act

97
Q

youth crime

A

≈ juvenile delinquency

98
Q

criminal

A

offender/ ≈ culprit/ ≈ perpetrator

99
Q

serious crime

A

heinous crime/ felony

100
Q

a minor crime

A

a misdemeanor

101
Q

shortage (of)

A

scarcity (of)/ dearth (of)

102
Q

the only one

A

an exception

103
Q

places where animals live

A

habitat

toefl (11 decks)

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