写作常用替换词 n

Question 1

things that one tries hard to do

Answer 1

one’s undertakings/ one’s commitments

Question 2

The fact is that…

Answer 2

The reality is that…

Question 3

joy

Answer 3

happiness/ delight/ enjoyment

Question 4

sadness

Answer 4

sorrow/ grief

Question 5

danger

Answer 5

hazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般) [派生] dangerous；hazardous

Question 6

education

Answer 6

≈schooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting）[区分]家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，比如children’s upbringing；而parenting是从家长的角度来说，比如sensible parenting.

Question 7

advertisement/ advertising

Answer 7

如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers（传单广告，最常见的形式就是“135**，办证”），billboards（大幅的广告牌）或者non-profit advertisements=public-interest advertisements （公益广告）

Question 8

car

Answer 8

automobile

Question 9

economic crisis

Answer 9

economic meltdown（很接近）/recession（这个一般仅仅还是衰退）/the Great Depression（这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了）

Question 10

famous people

Answer 10

celebrities （单数为celebrity）

Question 11

human beings（备考生使用过多）

Answer 11

humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科）/the human race

Question 12

wealth

Answer 12

fortune(s) （fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）

Question 13

[相关] rich

Answer 13

wealthy/ affluent (adj.)

Question 14

skill

Answer 14

≈technique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技)

Question 15

[派生] skilled

Answer 15

adept/ adroit (adj.)

Question 16

method

Answer 16

methodology (国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是method的故作高深版）

Question 17

field

Answer 17

sphere/ domain/ area

Question 18

understanding of

Answer 18

≈ grasp of/ command of

Question 19

choice

Answer 19

option

Question 20

cooperation

Answer 20

≈collaboration

Question 21

basic structure in a city or a country

Answer 21

infrastructure

Question 22

tiredness for a long time

Answer 22

fatigue

Question 23

is a must of

Answer 23

is a prerequisite for （是……的必备先决条件）

Question 24

the Internet

Answer 24

≈the information highway(一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次是常事儿)

Question 25

honesty

Answer 25

≈integrity

Question 26

strong belief

Answer 26

faith (in)

Question 27

aim

Answer 27

intention

Question 28

worries

Answer 28

anxieties (是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）

Question 29

influence

Answer 29

impact/ repercussion/ implication

Question 30

influence on each other

Answer 30

mutual influence（类似的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and B

Question 31

many different kinds of…

Answer 31

a variety of…/ a wide array of…/ a wide range of…

Question 32

wrong ideas held by many people

Answer 32

misconceptions

Question 33

fame

Answer 33

prestige/ sterling reputation

Question 34

range

Answer 34

≈spectrum

Question 35

sense

Answer 35

≈ recognition

Question 36

part

Answer 36

component （这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指“部分”）

Question 37

wise

Answer 37

[相关] sensible (adj.)

Question 38

gap

Answer 38

disparity

Question 39

a system for a particular purpose

Answer 39

≈ a mechanism for…

Question 40

a solution to sth.

Answer 40

a remedy for sth. （生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）

Question 41

bad students

Answer 41

≈ unruly students/ disruptive students

Question 42

bad behavior

Answer 42

unethical behavior/ immoral behavior

Question 43

organizations that help poor people

Answer 43

charities/ charitable organizations

Question 44

difference

Answer 44

distinction

Question 45

[派生] be different from

Answer 45

be distinct from (adj.)

Question 46

person

Answer 46

individual

Question 47

personality

Answer 47

≈ disposition

Question 48

businesses

Answer 48

enterprises（这里指企业）

Question 49

prices that are too high

Answer 49

exorbitant prices

Question 50

the rate of…

Answer 50

the incidence of…（后面一般跟坏事儿，比如unemployment/ crime/ a disease）

Question 51

intense enthusiasm

Answer 51

zeal/ passion

Question 52

cultural globalization（有过多人使用这个词）

Answer 52

global cultural homogenization

Question 53

a thing that is necessary

Answer 53

a necessity

Question 54

a thing that is new and interesting

Answer 54

a novelty

Question 55

a thing that is rare

Answer 55

a rarity

Question 56

things that people are not sure about

Answer 56

uncertainties

Question 57

a world language

Answer 57

a universal language

Question 58

friends

Answer 58

companions

Question 59

relaxation

Answer 59

≈ recreation

Question 60

self-respect

Answer 60

≈ self-esteem and dignity

Question 61

respect sb./ sth.

Answer 61

hold sb./ sth. in high regard

Question 62

[反义] look down on…

Answer 62

treat … with contempt = despise (v.)

Question 63

self-control

Answer 63

self-discipline

Question 64

criminal

Answer 64

convict

Question 65

prisoner

Answer 65

inmate

Question 66

drinks

Answer 66

≈ alcoholic beverages

Question 67

people who walk on the street

Answer 67

pedestrians

Question 68

old generations in history

Answer 68

ancestors

Question 69

a person who benefits from sth.

Answer 69

a beneficiary of sth.

Question 70

a disease that spreads quickly

Answer 70

an epidemic （注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，却不是形容词）

Question 71

a very unpleasant way of life

Answer 71

misery

Question 72

a task that requires lots of effort

Answer 72

an arduous task

Question 73

emotion

Answer 73

≈ sentiment

Question 74

enemy

Answer 74

≈ opponent/ foe

Question 75

narrow minds

Answer 75

insular minds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）

Question 76

a way to do sth.

Answer 76

an approach to doing sth./ an avenue towards sth.

Question 77

hobby

Answer 77

≈ pastime/ diversion

Question 78

progress

Answer 78

progression （经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于society/ career/ technology的话题）

Question 79

failure

Answer 79

setback（注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）

Question 80

importance

Answer 80

significance（当你用了一次importance之后，第二次不妨用这个）

Question 81

duty

Answer 81

obligation（用于比较重要的责任）

Question 82

difficulty

Answer 82

hindrance/ impediment/ hurdles

Question 83

pressure from your classmates

Answer 83

peer pressure

Question 84

citizens who can work

Answer 84

labor force/ workforce（都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）

Question 85

problems or diseases that exist for a long time

Answer 85

persistent problems/ chronic diseases

Question 86

a life without regular exercise

Answer 86

a sedentary lifestyle

Question 87

result

Answer 87

consequence （表示消极的结果更多一些）

Question 88

thoughts

Answer 88

≈ considerations

Question 89

the lack of knowledge

Answer 89

ignorance （注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）

Question 90

harm (n.)

Answer 90

adverse effect

Question 91

harm (vt.)

Answer 91

damage destroy/ ruin （这两个词比damage程度更重）spoil（后面跟the cityscape/ scenery/ environment）undermine （后面跟抽象概念，比如stability/ social order/ harmony）jeopardize （后面跟抽象概念，比如one's future/ one's career）tarnish （后面跟one's reputation/ image）sap/ dampen （后面跟one's enthusiasm/ interest/ confidence）

Question 92

[派生] harmful

Answer 92

detrimental (adj.)

Question 93

[派生] be harmful to

Answer 93

≈ pose a threat to

Question 94

bad luck

Answer 94

misfortune

Question 95

trouble

Answer 95

adversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship

Question 96

crime

Answer 96

offense/ criminal act

Question 97

youth crime

Answer 97

≈ juvenile delinquency

Question 98

criminal

Answer 98

offender/ ≈ culprit/ ≈ perpetrator

Question 99

serious crime

Answer 99

heinous crime/ felony

Question 100

a minor crime

Answer 100

a misdemeanor

Question 101

shortage (of)

Answer 101

scarcity (of)/ dearth (of)

Question 102

the only one

Answer 102

an exception

Question 103

places where animals live

Answer 103

habitat