Ventricles and CSF

Question 1

The ventricle system is formed form:

Answer 1

Canal of neural tube

Has: Lateral ventricles (paired, 3/4 ventricles, and central canal

Question 2

Lateral ventricles develop from:

Answer 2

Prosencephalon/cerebral hemispheres

Question 3

3rd Ventricle develops from:

Answer 3

Diencephalon

Question 4

4th Ventricle develops from:

Answer 4

Rhombencephalon

Question 5

What connects the 4 ventricles together?

Answer 5

Canals (foramina)

Question 6

What are the structures of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 6

Anterior horn, Body, atrium, Posterior horn, inferior horn

Question 7

Interventricular foramen:

Answer 7

Is the communication between lateral ventricles and the 3rd ventricle Also known as Foramen of Monroe”

Question 8

Cerebral aqueduct:

Answer 8

“Aqueduct of Sylvius”

Provides communication between 3rd and 4th ventricles

Question 9

Median aperture (Magendie)

Answer 9

Is an extension off of 4th ventricle or a little canale that opens up into cisterns magna

Question 10

The lateral aperture “opening in cisternas” is know as

Answer 10

Lushka

Question 11

What is the choroid Plexus?

Answer 11

Made os specialized epithelial cells that is continue with ependymal cells that line the ventricle:

• Provides tight junctions that prevent substance from entering CSF (blood-CSF barrier)
• Folds into violet surrounding each capillary and projects into ventricles
• Produces CSF (secretory function)

Question 12

CSF Production:

Answer 12

Is produced in all ventricles
Filtrate of Plasma
Total volume at any one point is about 150 ml.
however 300-500 is produced per day.

CSF drains into venous sytem

Question 13

What is the difference between CSF and Plasm?

Answer 13

Active transport of ions
CSF has lower concentration of protein, gludcose, K+, Ca+ and MG+
CSF has fewer cells, lower pH
Active and Passive transport of H20

Question 14

What is the pathway of CSF?

Answer 14

Starts in LATERAL VENTRICLES and moves through the INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMEN (Monro) to the 3RD VENTRICLE. Moves through the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT (Sylvius) to the 4TH VENTRICLE. From here it can either go to the MEIDAN APERTURE (magendie) to cisterns magna (dorsal side) OR to the LATERAL APERTURE (Luschka) to pontine cistern (ventral side). It will then move from Pontine and cisterns magna to SUBARACHNOID SPACE of brain (lateral aperture) OR SPINAL CORD (Medain aperture)

Question 15

What structures can be found in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 15

Blood vessels

CSF

Question 16

What is not really paten after your 20’s and will fill in with debris or dead ependymal cells?

Answer 16

Central canal

Question 17

The Cisterna magna and Pontine cistern are:

Answer 17

Enlargements of the subarachnoid space

Question 18

How does CSF return to the venous stem?

Answer 18

Via arachnoid granulations and pressure gradient

Question 19

What is the function of CSF?

Answer 19

• Physical support: Protect neural tissue
• Regulate environment: Homeostasis
• Communication (movement of proteins/molecules—- introduce chemo drugs here to fight brain tumors)

Question 20

What is Hydrocephalus?

Answer 20

Too much CSF:
Aqueductal stenosis: narrowing of cerebral aqueduct
- Excess production of CSF: (Choroid plexus papilloma (tumor of choleric plexus)
- Blockage of ventricles (tumors)
- Abnormal resorption of CSF (Absence of arachnoid villi– genetic abnormality)

Question 21

CSF Leaks:

Answer 21

Commonly associated with CSF rhinorrhea, in which the cerebrospinal fluid escapes through the nasal passages (runny nose)

Other symptoms: Headache, meningitis, visual disturbances, tinnitus

Treatment: Conservative tx
Spinal: blood patch
Hydrocephalus: shunt
Nasal endoscopy