Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Gross Topography of the Brain > Flashcards

Gross Topography of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the germ layer for the Neural Tube?

A

Ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The mesencephalic Flexure is located between?

A

Midbrain-hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Pontine Flexure is located between?

A

The met-myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The cervical flexure is located between the?

A

The brain-spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of orientation does the human brain have?

A

Rostro-caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The adult brain includes:

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem: Mindbrain, Pons, Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the spinal cord:

A

Begins at pyramidal decussation. Ends at L1/2 in adults.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the dural sac end?

A

S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The dorsal surface provides:

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The ventral surface provides:

A

MOTOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spain nerves provides

A

Mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Gyri?

A

Elevations of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Sulci

A

Depressions of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the landmarks of the brain

A

Central Sulcus (Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe)

Lateral Fissure (separates temporal lobe from Parietal and Frontal lobe)

Parieto-occipital Sulcus (more prominent in medial aspect of brain; separates occipital lobe from rest)

Sagittal Fissure ( Divides two cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The cerebrum is a derivative of:

A

Telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Rolando?

A

Frontal pole to central sulcus. Separated from temporal lobe by lateral sulcus (Sylvius)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the contents of the Frontal Lobe?

A
  1. Precentral gyrus
  2. Superior, Middle, and inferior frontal gyrus (is anterior to 1; dominant on left hemisphere– involved in language)
  3. Olfactory bulb and tract (medial)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the functional areas of the Frontal lobe?

A
  • Primary motor cortex: (Precentral gyrus)Initiation of voluntary movement
  • Premotor area: Prepares 10 motor cortex—Planned movement
  • Supplemental area: Prepares 10 motor for complex movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What works together to make fluid movements?

A

The functional areas of the Frontal lobes

Primary motor cortex, Premotor area, and supplemental area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Part of the functional area of the frontal lobe.

  • Production of meaningful language (Language output)
  • Comprehension intact: (Damage will lead to problems putting thoughts into words, short phases)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the Prefrontal cortex:

A

Part of the functional area of the frontal lobe.

- Will provide executive functioning (higher order thought processing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the borders of the Parietal lobe?

A

Central sulcus
Preoccipital notch-parietoocipital sulcus
Lateral sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the contents of the Parietal lobe?

A
  1. Postcentral sulcus and gyrus
  2. Superior parietal lobule
  3. Intraparietal sulcus
  4. Supramarginal gyrus
  5. Angular gyrus
  6. Posterior paracentral lobule
  7. Precuneus
24
Q

Inf parental gyrus =

A

supra marginal and angular gyri

Wernicke’s area

25
Q

Functional areas of the Parietal lobe?

A
  1. Primary somatosensory cortex: Sensory strip
  2. Wernicke’s area: (also includes part of temporal lobe)– Comprehension of language: Issues with language input/comprehension, Speech ok but may not make sense
  3. Superior parietal gyrus/lobule: Spatial organization (Injury= Neglect syndrome)
26
Q

What is Neglect syndrome?

A

Issues with processing and perceiving stimuli

Deficit commonly contralateral to damage

27
Q

What are the borders of the Occipital lobe?

A

Parietal and Temporal lobes

28
Q

What is the function of the Occipital lobe?

A
  • Primary visual cortex: Receives information from contralateral field of vision
  • Visual association cortex: Relates visual experiences. If damaged can see object but don’t recognize it
29
Q

What are the borders of the Temporal lobe?

A

Lateral sulcus and “imaginary line”

30
Q

Temporal lobe contents:

A

Superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri
Occipitotemporal sulcus
Occipitotemporal gyrus

31
Q

Function of Superior gyri (temporal lobe)

A

Wernicke’s area (language)

Comprehension impaired if injured

32
Q

Function of Occipitotemporal Gyri (fusiform gyrus)– temporal lobe

A

Part of temporal and occipital lobe; involved in visual association cortex

33
Q

Function of Primary auditory cortex: (Temporal lobe)

A

Within lateral fissure

Includes superior temporal gyrus

34
Q

What is the Insular cortex?

A
  • Lateral aspect of the brain deep to lateral sulcus
  • Part of parietal, temporal and frontal lobe
  • Part of lymbic system
  • Involved in emotion, Homeostasis, awareness, and motor control
35
Q

What is the Corpus Callosum?

A

Series of Nerve tracts:
Subcortical structure: not part of cortex. Communicates between hemispheres

Only found in placental mammals
Largest white matter structure
Integrates motor, sensory and cognitive activity between the right and left hemisphere

36
Q

Epithalamus/pineal is involved in:

A

Circadian rhythms, melatonin production

37
Q

Thalamus involved in:

A

Impacts most functional systems(motor and sensory)

38
Q

Hypothalamus:

A

Major visceral control center (ANS); connects to pituitary

39
Q

Midbrain is continuous with:

A

Diencephalon rostrally and pons caudally

40
Q

Midbrain is composed of:

A
  • Tectum: Superior Colliculus (vison) Inferior colliculus (hearing)
  • Tegmentum: Base of tectum; Nuclei of CN III< IV, V
  • Cerebral peduncles: Connection between spinal cord and cerebrum. CN III emerges from between peduncles
41
Q

Superior midbrain:

A

Vision

42
Q

Inferior midbrain:

A

Hearing

43
Q

What forms the floor of the 4th ventricle?

A

Tegmentum

44
Q

Function of the Pons:

A

Relays sensory info between cerebrum and cerebellum
Role in Arousal, sleep, ANS
Associated with CN 5 (pons) and VI, VII and VIII (pontomedullary junction)

45
Q

Function of the Medulla:

A

Respiratory, Cardiac, and vasomotor
The defending motor tract creates pyramids.
The medullar is the lower part of brainstem

46
Q

What nerves are apart of the medulla?

A

IX, X and XI, XII (XI has 2 nuclei involved

Both sensory and motors aspects

47
Q

What is the Area postrema?

A
  • It’s located on dorsal aspect of medulla (Caudal end of 4th ventricle)
  • It is the Chemoreceptor trigger zone. which will induce vomiting.
  • It lacks the BBB so that it can detect toxins in blood and CSF
48
Q

The Hippocampus - Temporal lobe is involved in:

A

Emotion
Spatial organization
New memories (Korsakoff’s Syndrome)

C-shaped and apart of the limbic system

49
Q

The Amygdala– Temporal lobe is involved in:

A

Emotions, Emotional behaviors, Stimulation causes aggression or fear

50
Q

What is Korsakoff’s Syndrome?

A

Memory disorder
Deficiency of Thiamine (B1)
Most commonly caused by alcohol abuse
Symptoms: Long term memory gaps, lack of short term memory, make up memories or information

51
Q

What is the Basal Ganglia?

A

A collection of nuclei that surrounds the thalamus. (Sends fibers to thalamus)
It’s important in the afferent and efferent pathways

Function: Cognition, coordination, voluntary movement
Diseases: Parkinson’s, Huntingtons’s, Tourette’s, OCD, schizophrenia

52
Q

What is the Cerebellum?

A

“little brain”

Motor control: timing and coordination.

53
Q

The anterior lobe of cerebellum?

A

Unconscious proprioception

54
Q

Posterior lobe of Cerebellum?:

A

Fine motore, Inhibit involuntary movement

55
Q

Flocculonodular lobe of Cerebellum?

A

Receives input from CN VIII
Eye movements
Postural adjustments to gravity
Equilibrium

56
Q

Saggital Plane of cerebellum?

A

Vermis

Hemispheres

57
Q

What are the Cerebellar Lesion Symptoms?

A
  • Errors in movement (Ipsilateral)
  • Ataxia (decomposition of movement, - Dysmetria (over shoot under shoot), Intention tremors: shaking while preforming a motor activity
  • Speech ataxia
  • Trunk instability ( Sitting and standing)
  • Visual issues (maintaining gaze, Nystagmus: repeated rapid eye movement)
  • impaired sequencing of skilled learned movements ( Playing an instrument)

Neuroscience (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions