Ventilation

Question 1

What is pulmonary ventilation

Answer 1

Mechanical process of exchanging volumes of gasses into and out of lungs through inspiration and expiration

Question 2

Boyle’s law states that gas volume is:
A. Inversely proportional to temperature
B. Directly proportional to temperature
C. Inversely proportional to pressure
D. Directly proportional to pressure
E. None of the above

Answer 2

C Volume is inversely proportional to pressure

Question 3

Ventilation refers to:
A. Movement of air into and out of the lungs
B. Gas exchange between the blood and the tissues.
C. Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
D. Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood.
E. Respiration at the cellular level.

Answer 3

A movement of air into and out of lungs

Question 4

What is the term for gas exchange between blood and tissues

Answer 4

Internal respiration

Question 5

What is the term for gas exchange between air and alveoli

Answer 5

External respiration

Question 6

Which of the following statements is correct?
A.As thoracic volume increases, alveolar pressure increases.
B. In expiration, the thoracic volume increases.
C. Constriction of bronchioles assists breathing.
D.As alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure decreases.
E. Pressure is directly proportional to volume.

Answer 6

D Volume is inversely proportional to the pressure

Question 7

Surfactant facilitates alveolar ventilation by
A. Decreasing the surface tension between water molecules on the lining of the alveoli.
B. Decreasing thoracic compliance.
C. Attracting water to the alveolar surface.
D. Increasing the surface area for gas exchange.
E. Increasing the surface tension between fluid and the alveoli.

Answer 7

A Water generates a surface tension that inadvertently creates resistance

Question 8

What is the relation ship of surfactant to size of alveoli? Answer for Small and large alveoli (how much is in each relatively)

Answer 8

Smaller alveoli have more surfactant
Larger alveoli have less surfactant

This is due to the surface tension being greater in smaller alveoli

Question 9

What does the term thoracic compliance mean

Answer 9

The amount of resistance that the thorax provides to the ventilation system

Question 10

What provides the most amount of resistance in the Ventilation system of respiratory system?

Answer 10

Medium bronchioles

Large have low resistance due to large diameter
Small have low diameter yet run in parallel thus reducing resistance

Question 11

What systems control bronchiole constriction/dilation?

Answer 11

Autonomic
Immune
Endocrine

Additionally: mucus buildup can also reduce diameter

Question 12

Excess Build-up of fluids in lung called?

Answer 12

pneumonia

Question 13

Fibrosis is caused by?

Answer 13

Scaring of lung tissue reducing elasticity and thus increasing the resistance

Question 14

What is, and causes Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)?

Answer 14

Lack of surfactant produced by Type II cells

Caused be premature birthing, where Type II cells arent active yet

Question 15

In the respiratory system, airway resistance is primarily determined by
A. Diameter of tube
B. Length of the tube
C. Viscosity of the medium
D. B and C only
E. A and B only

Answer 15

A

Question 16

Andrew McGowan, aged 39, is stabbed walking home one night. The knife wound allow air to enter his pleural cavity. Explain why his lung collapses

Answer 16

• Knife entering pleural cavity allows atmospheric air to enter pleural cavity
• Intrapleural Pressure (normal -4mmHg relative to Intrapulmonary pressure) will decrease to 0
• When Intrapleural pressure difference 0 the lung collapses

Question 17

2. Andrew has emergency surgery but he contract a bacterial infection that destroys his type 2 cells. Explain what the role of the type 2 cells are why he will not be able to breathe.

Answer 17

• Type II cells create surfactant
• Surfactant reduces the surface tension of water in alveoli
• With no Type II cells no surfactant will be created
• With no Surfactant, the alveoli will collapse and will not be functional at exchanging gasses