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Physiology > Neurons > Flashcards

Neurons Flashcards

1
Q 
Neurotransmitter is stored and released from?
A.axon terminals only
B.axon varicosities only
C.dendritic spines only
D.cell bodies only
E.axon terminals and axon varicosities
A

E Axon terminals are at synapses

varicosities are the circular terminals that release neurotransmitter to veins to dilate and contract uniformly

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2
Q

What signal propagates across the cell body and in unmyelinated axons

A

Graded potential - Propagates across the cell to the axon hillock that determines the actuation potential (if any for myelinated cells)

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3
Q

soma or somata means

A

cell body

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4
Q

The multiple thin, branched structures on a neuron whose
main function is to receive incoming signals are the
A.cell bodies
B.axons
C.dendrites
D.somata
E.nerve

A

C Dendrites accept the signal from another cell

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5
Q 
The total amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon
terminal is directly related to?
A.amplitude of the action potential
B.length of the axon
C.amplitude of the graded potential
D.diameter of the axon
E.total number of action potentials
A

E More action potentials means more firing, more firing means more neurotransmitter

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6
Q

The amplitude of an action potential can vary? T or F

A

F

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7
Q

The amplitude of a graded potential can vary? T or F

A

T

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8
Q

Length of a myelinated axon determines the signal strength? T or F

A

F

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9
Q

The smaller the diameter of an axon the faster the conduction T or F

A

F

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10
Q

Conduction is restricted by what forms of resistance

A

non myelination and small diameters (cause resistance)

Reduce resistance: Mylination, and larger axons

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11
Q 
Which of the following is the most common location where
action potentials originate?
A.axon hillock
B.dendrites
C.cell body
D.synaptic cleft
E.presynaptic terminal
A

A

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12
Q

The rising phase (Depolarization) of the action potential is primarily due to?
A.Na flow into the cell only
B.Na flow out of the cell only
C.K flow out of the cell only
D.K flow into the cell only
E.Na flow out of the cell and K+ flow into the cell

A

A rising phase has Na flowing into the cell via a positive feedback loop

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13
Q

The falling phase (repolarization) of the action potential is due to?

A

the closing of the Na gates and the opening of the K gates to allow for K to repolarise

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14
Q

Saltatory conduction is what

A

due to myelination, causing faster conduction

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15
Q

Multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome are caused by

A

degredation of myelination

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16
Q

relative refractive period is what

A

the period after an axon has actuated, proceeding the absolute refractory period. A high enough graded potential can set it off

17
Q

Absolute refractive period is what

A

1-2ms period after the threshold has been reached where no other action potential may procceed

18
Q

Gated channels (such as Na and K) are excitatory or inhibitory

A

excitatory

19
Q

definition of suprathreshold

A

Graded potential is higher than the threshold

20
Q

Definition of subthreshold

A

Graded potential is lower than the thresthold

21
Q

glial cells serve what purpose

A

to aid CNS and PNS neurons

22
Q

Name of Glial Cells found within the PNS

A

Schwann cells: Myelinate periphery neurons

23
Q

What cell myelinates CNS neurons

A

Oligodendrocytes

24
Q

Astrocytes are responsible for what?

A

Shuttling nutrients through the blood brain barrier

25
Q

Microglia do what?

A

Aid the immune system

26
Q

ependymal cells

A
  • Generate CSF
  • Line the ventricles of the brain
  • Generate new neurons (stem cells)
27
Q

Fast axonal transport moves what, where?

A

Organelles and Vesicles from the cell body to the axon terminal

28
Q

Slow Axonal transport moves what?

A

Waste from the axon terminal to the cell body for digestion by lysosomes

29
Q

Retrograde means?

A

Transporting back from the axon terminal to cell body

30
Q

Anterograde means

A

Transporting from the cell body to the axon terminal

31
Q

Somatic neurons are pseudounipolar or bipolar?

And are unmyelinated or myelinated?

A

pseudounipolar and myelinated

32
Q

Neurons for sight and smell are pseudounipolar or bipolar?

And are unmyelinated or myelinated?

A

bipolar and unmyelinated

33
Q

Interneurons have no apparent axon? T or F

A

T This is called anaxonic

34
Q

Multipolar means

A

Many axon terminals

Physiology (28 decks)

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