Ventilation

Question 1

Ventilation

Answer 1

Breathing in= inspiration
Breathing out= expiration

Question 2

Inspiration

Answer 2

Diaphragm contracts, moves down
Ext int muscles contract, raise ribs
Vol of thorax inc, pressure drops below atmospheric p
Air moves into lungs to equalise pressure
Active and energy required

Question 3

Expiration

Answer 3

Diaphragm relaxes, passive no energy
Ext int muscles relax,rib down & in
Vol of thorax dec and pressure inc
Air forced out to equalise pressure

Question 4

Tidal vol, vital cap, breathing rate, o2 uptake

Answer 4

Vol air each breath, diff betw top and bottom
Max vol breathed in and out but depends on size,age,gender,exerci
Breaths in 1 min, count peaks
Rate at which org uses up o2, diff in peak ÷time depends on breathing rate and deep breaths

Question 5

Spirometer

Answer 5

02 filled chamber, insp air drawn chamber lid down
Co2 air is abs by soda lime

Question 6

Precautions of spirometer

Answer 6

Healthy subject, medical grade o2
Fresh and functioning soda lime
No air leaks in apparatus
Steralised mouthpiece, nose clip, seal lips around mouthpiece
Water chamber not overfilled

Question 7

Fish counter current

Answer 7

Gill plate& fillamemts=inc sa
Opperculum projects gill
Blood and water flow in opp directions so eq isn’t reached and diff occurs at whole length of gill

Question 8

Fish ventilation

Answer 8

Open= lowers floor of BC so vol inc, pressure dec= water sucked in
Close= raise floor, vol dec,pressure inc= water forced out avoiss gf

Question 9

Insects ventilation

Answer 9

Air enters spiraclr,trachea, tracheoles, so gas excess occurs betw air and tracheal fluid
High o2demand= tf withdrawn so more o2 can be absorbed

Question 10

Ventilation via mvts in insects

Answer 10

Flight muscle alter pressure in ts
Wingers alter thorax vol
Breathing alters abd vol