Transport Systems In Animals Flashcards
Need in multicellular org
Size= cells further away inc dp and red rod+ outter cells uses up
Metabolic rate= 02 required for energy and mvt + warmth
SA:V= small as each g of tissue small sa
Features of good transport system
Fluid,Pump,Exchange surfaces
2 circuits, tubes vessels
Single circulatory system
Passes once
- low bp doesn’t flow quickly and rate delivered&removed =limited
+ bp low in capillaries
Eg fish sufficient as not metab active compared to animals eg don’t maintain body temp
Double circulatory system
Twice so extra push
+ high bp flows quick and 02 delivered quick
Open cs
Blood isn’t enclosed in vessels
Eg insects heart pumps heamolumph into sinuses via ostia
Body mvt takes blood back to heart
Closed cs
Blood enclosed in vessels
+ high p= quick flow, rapid delivery and removal, transport indp of mvt
Arteries
Carry blood away from 🫀
Thick whitstabd pressure, small lumen maintain p
Sme,elastic f,colalgen
Veins
Carry blood back to real heart🫀
Thin walls, large lumen, valves, skeleteal muscle
Capillaries
Exchange of tissue fluid and blood
Narrow, resistance, leaky valves
Tissue fluid
Blood enters cap high hydrostatic pressure at arterial end
Fluid is forced through pores of capillary into spaces around cells tissues
Large plasma proteins and rbc left behind in capillary = increase in oncotic pressure in capillary as pmp lower water pot
So, water moves back out of tissue fluid into capillary by osmosis, at the venule end
Excess tissue fluid
Excess tissue fluid drains into lymph vessels eg drainage system, made up of lymph vessels
1) The smallest lv are lcap
2) Excess tissue fluid passes into lymph vessels
3) Valses prev lymph backflow
4) Lymph gradually moves towards the main lv in Thorax retumed to the blood,
Heart struc
Cornory artery supplies own o2 so if constricted = severe con due to lack of 02 and nut= heart attack
Branched fibres = spread stim and squeezing action,
myofibrils= energy for contraction, sep by interculated discs= synch cont, sacromeres
Septum= separates ventricles, ensures blood sep
Heart route
Deoxy= from veins into vena cava, r atrium, av valves, ventricles
Leaves via sl valves out pulm artery
Oxy= pulm vein to l atrium, av valve, ventricle,
Leaves v via slv to aorta and carries blood away from heart
Valves
Slv= prev blood entering heart when it relaxes
Tendinous cords= prev v turning inside out
