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haematology > Venous Thromboembolism > Flashcards

Venous Thromboembolism Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial thrombosis

A

Blood clot in an artery

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2
Q

Risk factors of arterial thrombosis (4)

A
  • smoking
  • DM
  • obesity
  • high cholesterol
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3
Q

Management of arterial thrombosis

A

Aspirin + other antiplatelet drugs

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4
Q

Venous thrombosis

A

Blood clot which forms in a vein

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5
Q

Factors that make up virchows triad

A

Hypercoagulable state
Endothelial injury
Circulatory stasis

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6
Q

Conditions in which you are in a hypercoagulable state (6)

A
  • malignancy
  • pregnancy/ peripartum
  • oestrogen therapy
  • IBD
  • sepsis
  • thrombophillia
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7
Q

Distal vein thrombosis

A

DVT of the calves

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8
Q

Proximal vein thrombosis

A

DVT of the popliteal or femoral vein

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9
Q

What type of venous thrombosis is most likely to embolise

A

Proximal vein thrombosis

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10
Q

Investigations for DVT

A

D-dimer and Wells score

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11
Q

Diagnostic tool for DVT

A

US Doppler leg scan

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12
Q

Investigation for PE if indicated by wells score

A

CTPA

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13
Q

Alternative to CTPA

A

V/Q scan

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14
Q

First line initial management of DVT or PE

A

DOACs - apixaban or rivaroxaban

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15
Q

What is also recommended in massive PE with circulatory failure

A

Thrombolysis

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16
Q

Secondary prevention of DVT or PE in antiphospholipid syndrome

A

Warfarin

17
Q

Secondary prevention of DVT or PE in pregnancy

A

LMWH

18
Q

Hereditary thrombophilia

A

Genetic defects cause an increased tendency to develop thromboses

19
Q

Give some examples of deficiencies in hereditary thrombophilia

A
  • protein C or S deficiency
  • antithrombin deficiency
  • prothrombin 20210 mutation
  • factor V Leiden
20
Q

State the 3 possible mechanisms of hereditary thrombophilia

A

Increased coagulation activity
Decreased fibrinolytic activity
Decreased anticoagulant activity

21
Q

When should we screen for hereditary thrombophilia

A
  • venous thrombosis <45
  • recurrent or unusual activity
  • family history
22
Q

Who is most likely to have antiphospholipid syndrome

A

Women

23
Q

Pathophysiology of antiphospholipid syndrome

A

Antibodies lead to a conformational change in b2 glycoprotein 1 which leads to activation of primary and secondary haemostasis and vessel wall abnormalities

24
Q

Clinical presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome (3)

A
  • recurrent thrombosis
  • recurrent foetal loss
  • mild thrombocytopenia
25
Q

Blood results for a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome (2)

A
  • thrombocytopenia
  • prolongation of partial thromboplastin time
26
Q

Management during pregnancy of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome

A

LMWH and aspirin

27
Q

What is the most common inherited thrombophillia

A

Factor V Leiden

haematology (11 decks)

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