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haematology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Main indication for aspirin

A

Anti-platelet agent

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2
Q

MOA aspirin

A

Inhibits COX which is needed to produce thromboxane A2

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3
Q

What is thromboxane A2

A

A platelet agonist released from granules on activation

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4
Q

Adverse effects of aspirin (3)

A

BLEEDING
GI ulceration
Bronchospasm

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5
Q

Main indication of Clopidogrel

A

Anti-platelet agent

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6
Q

MOA Clopidogrel

A

ADP receptor antagonist

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7
Q

Adverse effect of Clopidogrel

A

Bleeding

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8
Q

Indication for dipyridamole

A

Anti-platelet agent

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9
Q

MOA dipyridamole

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor

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10
Q

Consequences of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor

A

Increases production of cAMP which inhibits platelet aggregation

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11
Q

Adverse effect of dipyridamole

A

Bleeding

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12
Q

Give an example of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor

A

Abciximab

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13
Q

Indication of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor

A

Anti-platelet agent

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14
Q

MOA of PG IIb/IIIa inhibitors

A

Inhibit aggregation

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15
Q

Adverse effect of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors

A

Bleeding

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16
Q

Administration of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors

A

IV

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17
Q

Main indication of heparin

A

Anticoagulant

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18
Q

State the 2 types of heparin

A

Unfractionated and low molecular weight

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19
Q

MOA of heparin

A

Potentiates antithrombin

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20
Q

How is unfractionated heparin monitored

A

Activated partial thromboplastin time

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21
Q

How is LMWH monitored

A

Anti-Xa assay

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22
Q

Adverse effects of heparin (3)

A

Bleeding
Thrombocytopenia
Osteoporosis with long-term use of

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23
Q

How is heparin reversed (2)

A

STOP THE DRUG
protamine sulphate if needed

24
Q

Administration of heparin (2)

25
Q

Main indication for warfarin

A

Anticoagulant

26
Q

MOA warfarin

A

Inhibits vitamin K

27
Q

How is warfarin monitored

28
Q

What is INR

A

A way of reporting prothrombin time

29
Q

Major adverse effect of warfarin

A

Haemorrhage

30
Q

Mild bleeding complications of warfarin (3)

A

Easy bruising
Epistaxis
Haematuria

31
Q

Severe bleeding complications of warfarin (2)

A

GI, intracerebral

32
Q

How is warfarin reversed (3 options)

A

DEPENDING ON INR
- stopped
- oral vitamin K
- administer clotting factors

33
Q

Administration of warfarin

A

PO at the same time every day

34
Q

When is warfarin recommended to be taken

35
Q

When are DOACs used (3)

A
  • prophylaxis in elective knee/hip replacements
  • treating PE or DVT
  • stroke prevention for afib patients
36
Q

MOA dabigatran

A

Direct thrombin inhibitors

37
Q

MOA apixaban/rivaroxaban

A

Direct activated factor X inhibitors

38
Q

Where in the cell cycle do drugs inhibiting DNA synthesis target

39
Q

Why are antimetabolites used in chemotherapy

A

Have the ability to disrupt the rapid division of cancer cells

40
Q

Give some examples of antimetabolites

A

Methotrexate
5-fluorouracil
Mercaptopurine
Fludarabine
Hyroxyurea

41
Q

How does methotrexate act as an antimetabolite

A

Inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductive leading to the depletion of folic acid which is needed for DNA synthesis

42
Q

How does hydroxyurea work as an antimetabolite

A

Inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase which is involved in the synthesis of deoxyribonucletides

43
Q

What are the 2 main types of drugs used in chemotherapy

A

Mitotic spindle inhibitors
Cell cycle specific agents

44
Q

Give some examples of mitotic spindle inhibitors

A

Vinca alakaloids
Alkylating agents
Anthracyclines

45
Q

Name a vinca alkaloid

A

Vincrisitine

46
Q

Give an example an a alkylating agent

A

Chlorambucil

47
Q

Give an example of an anthracycline

A

Doxorubicin

48
Q

Give some side effects of cytotoxic drugs

A

Bone marrow suppression
Gut mucosal damage
Alopecia

49
Q

Side effect of vinca alkaloids

A

Neuropathy

50
Q

Side effect of anthracyclines

A

Cardiomyopathy

51
Q

Side effects of alkylating agents

A

Infertility
Secondary malignancy

52
Q

Side effect of cis-platinum

A

Nephrotoxicity

53
Q

How do we overcome myelosuppression

A

Use haemopoietic growth factors
Combine myelosuppressive and non-myelosuppressive agents

54
Q

MOA of rituximab

A

Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

55
Q

Main indication of rituximab as chemo

A

Non Hodgkin lymphoma

56
Q

Main indication for ofatumunab and obinutumab in chemo

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

57
Q

Main indication for lenalidomide

haematology (11 decks)

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