Venous System

Question 1

What kind of flow do veins have?

Answer 1

continuous, respiratory phasic flow

Question 2

What are the walls of a vein?

Answer 2

• tunica intima
• tunica media
• tunica adventitia

Question 3

What does the tunica adventitia contain?

Answer 3

vasa vasorum

Question 4

What are bicuspid valves?

Answer 4

• extension of intimal layer
• one way flow
• prevent backflow
• muscles compress to help flow toward heart

Question 5

What is the lower venous system made up of?

Answer 5

• deep and superficial systems
• perforators
• muscle tributaries

Question 6

What is the deep venous system?

Answer 6

Vein travels adjacent to major arteries and have the same names, 85% of LE blood volume

Question 7

What is the superficial system?

Answer 7

Don’t have accompanying artery, 15% of LE blood volume

Question 8

What are perforators?

Answer 8

connect deep & superficial systems

Question 9

What are muscle tributaries?

Answer 9

Drain muscle tissues

Question 10

What are S&S of acute DVT?

Answer 10

• pain, cramping
• swelling
• redness, erythema

Question 11

What are S&S of chronic DVT?

Answer 11

> 2 months
- similar to acute
- discoloration of skin

Question 12

What are S&S of venous ulceration/stasis ulcers?

Answer 12

• result of chronic DVT
• veins become scarred/smaller, resulting in inefficiency

Question 13

What are pre-disposing factors to venous pathologies?

Answer 13

• age
• cancer
• bed rest/inactivity
• prior DVT
• trauma
• hormones
• paraplegia
• surgery
• pregnancy
• thrombophlebitis

Question 14

What is Virchow’s Triad?

Answer 14

Factors that contribute to formation of thrombus
- stasis
- hypercoagulability
- vessel wall injury

Question 15

What are causes of UEV DVT?

Answer 15

• IV drug use
• dialysis access
• PICC line/port

Question 16

What must be done if a clot is seen in the CFV?

Answer 16

Evaluate EIV and IVC for extension into pelvis/abdomen

Question 17

If any segment of a vein in non-compressible, what should be done differently?

Answer 17

Augmentation will not be done because it can loosen a thrombus and cause it to embolize

Question 18

Why is augmentation done?

Answer 18

to evaluate valve competency

Question 19

A thrombus in a superficial vein is considered a DVT when it is how close to a major vein?

Answer 19

within 2 cm of the junction of a major vein

Question 20

Where are the gastroc veins seen?

Answer 20

Branching off Pop vein, medial gastroc branches first, lateral gastroc branches slightly inferior to medial

Question 21

The Pop vein will divide into what?

Answer 21

PTVs more superficial, peroneals deeper, more posterior

Question 22

Where does the venous system originate?

Answer 22

Distal tissues/capillary networks

Question 23

Where does the venous system terminate?

Answer 23

Heart

Question 24

What veins are part of the superficial system?

Answer 24

• digital
• metatarsal
• plantar arches
• med and lat gastrocs
• profunda
• GSV

Question 25

What veins are part of the deep system?

Answer 25

• post tibs
• peroneals
• anterior tibs
• pop
• femoral
• CFV
• external and internal iliac
• common iliac

Question 26

What venous pathologies are there?

Answer 26

• DVT (acute or chronic)
• venous insufficiency
• varicose veins
• congenital (absence of valves, hypercoagulability)
• PE