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Small Parts > Abdominal Composition and Vasculature > Flashcards

Abdominal Composition and Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Made up of ligaments and folds that connect organs to each other and abdominal walls

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2
Q

Peritoneal cavity is comprised of

A
  • Lesser and greater omentum
  • mesenteries
  • ligaments
  • fluid spaces
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3
Q

What is peritoneum

A

Smooth membrane that lines the entire abdominal cavity and the organs contained within the cavity

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4
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Lines the walls of the cavity

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5
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Lines the abdominal organs

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6
Q

Greater sac

A

General peritoneal cavity

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7
Q

Lesser sac

A

Smaller area or peritoneal cavity formed by spleen and posterior stomach

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8
Q

Greater and lesser sac communicate through

A

Opening inferior to liver and duodenum called epiploic foramen

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9
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Double layer of peritoneum extending from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

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10
Q

The lesser omentum does what for the stomach

A

Acts like a sling

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11
Q

Greater omentum

A

Apron-like fold of peritoneum that hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach

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12
Q

The greater omentum lies

A

Freely over intestines except for the superior portion which is fused with the transverse colon

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13
Q

The greater omentum can be compared to

A

A skirt for the intestines, covers small intestines

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14
Q

The lesser omentum attaches

A

Stomach to liver

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15
Q

Mesentery

A

2 layered peritoneal folds which suspend the small bowel and colon to the posterior abdominal and pelvic wall

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16
Q

Mesentery is best visualized on ultrasounds with

A

Presence of ascites

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17
Q

Peritoneal spaces

A
  • right and left subphrenic spaces
  • posterior cul-de-sac
  • subhepatic space
  • lesser sac
  • right and left paracolic gutters
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18
Q

Anterior abdominal wall layers (superficial to deep)

A
  • skin
  • fascia
  • muscle
  • fascia transversalis
  • peritoneum
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19
Q

Camper’s fascia

A

Fatty superficial layer

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20
Q

Scarpa’s fascia

A

Deep fibrous layer

21
Q

Anterior abdominal wall muscles

A
  • rectus abdominus
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transverse abdominal
22
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Longitudinally oriented muscles extending from xiphoid process to pubic bone, midline

23
Q

Rectus abdominus muscles are encased in

A

A sheath which joins at the midline to form the linea alba, sheath attaches and secures musculature to abdominal cavity

24
Q

Sonographic evaluation of anterior abdominal wall

A

Fatty composition layers: Hypoechoic depending on content
Musculature: linear striations, Hyperechoic (high density structures)

25
Q

Aorta

A

Main vessel that carries blood from heart to rest of body

26
Q

Abdominal aorta

A

Portion of descending aorta that supplies blood to abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities

27
Q

Aorta layers

A
  1. Tunica intima (inner)
  2. Tunica media (mid)
  3. Tunica adventitia (outer)
28
Q

Aorta position

A

Posterior to:
- left lobe
- body of pancreas
- pylorus of stomach
- splenic vein

29
Q

Main branches of aorta

A
  • celiac
  • SMA
  • renal arteries
  • IMA
30
Q

Celiac branch

A

First branch off aorta
Sub-branches: left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery
Supplies stomach, liver, spleen

31
Q

Superior Mesenteric artery supplies

A

Duodenum, small intestines, and transverse colon

32
Q

Renal arteries

A

Left renal artery branches off aorta first

33
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery supplies

A

Large intestines

34
Q

Aorta bifurcates at

A

Level of L4

35
Q

Aorta bifurcates into

A

Right and left iliac arteries which supply respective legs

36
Q

Sonographic evaluation of aorta

A
  • blood filled lumen: anechoic
  • walls: echogenic
  • long, pulsatile, tubular structure
  • located anterior and left of the spine
    - can use left lobe of liver as landmark
37
Q

Sagittal aorta protocol

A

Proximal: AP diameter above celiac branch
Mid
Distal: normal increase in diameter due to upcoming bifurcation
Bifurcation: right and left common iliac arteries

38
Q

Transverse aorta protocol

A

Proximal
Mid
Distal
Bifurcation: color eval

39
Q

Patient prep

A

NPO 6-8 hours
Curved transducer 3-5 MHz
Patient scanned supine, can use decub to move gas

40
Q

Normal proximal AP diameter of aorta

A

Men: 2.5-2.7 cm
Women: 2.1-2.3 cm

41
Q

Thrombus

A

Accumulation of blood cells, can embolize resulting in life threatening blockage of vessel

42
Q

Calcification

A

Accumulation of plaque products along the walls of the artery, resulting from disease, old age, poor dietary habits

43
Q

Wall dissection

A

Inner layer of aortic wall tears, caused inner and middle layer to separate

44
Q

What are we looking for during aorta evaluation

A
  • normal diameter
  • thrombus
  • calcification
  • wall dissection
45
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Main vessel that carries blood from the extremities and abdominal/pelvic cavity back to the heart

46
Q

IVC is formed by

A

Union of the common iliac veins

47
Q

The IVC ascends

A

Vertically through the retroperitoneal space, travels posterior to the liver and right of the aorta

48
Q

Sonographic evaluation of IVC

A
  • blood filled lumen: anechoic
  • walls: thin, collapsible, not as echogenic as aorta walls
  • phasic: diameter changes, color doppler evaluation
49
Q

IVC protocol

A

Typically using IVC as landmark reference
Included in abdominal evaluation
Sagittal: proximal with color Doppler
Look for thrombus

Small Parts (13 decks)

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