Venous and lymphatic disease Flashcards
What are varicose veins
dilated, torturous, superficial veins
Which vein is most common for varicose veins to occur
Great saphenous
Then lesser saphenous
Primary and secondary pathology
Primary - vein wall damaged, becomes more dilated and elastic
Secondary - obstruction
Aetiology of primary varicose veins
Standing long periods of time - often hairdressers, chefs etc
Aetiology of secondary varicose veins
Pregnancy
Tumour
DVT
Signs and symptoms
Cosmesis Localised or generalised discomfort in the leg Nocturnal cramps Swelling Acute haemorrhage Superficial thrombophlebitis Pruritus Skin changes
Treatment of VV
Surgery
Injection
Minimally invasive procedures
Compression
How does surgery for varicose veins works
Superficial surgery
Ligation of sapheno-femoral or sapheno-popliteal junctions
Vein stripping and multiple stab avulsions
Contraindications for VV surgery
Previous DVT
Arterial insufficiency
Patient comorbidity
Morbid obesity
Name 3 minimally invasive techniques to treat main trunk variscosities
Foam sclerotherapy
Endovenous laser ablation
Radiofrequency ablation
What is chronic venous insuffiency
When the vein cannot pump enough blood back to the heart and blood pools in the vein
Pathophysiology of CVI
venous hypertension
venous engorgement and stasis
imbalance of startling forces and exudate
Why might you get high ambulatory venous pressure causing venous hypertension
failure of muscle pump, valves or outflow obstruction
Why would the calf muscle pump fail
Superficial venous reflux Deep venous reflux Venous obstruction Neuromuscular Obesity Inactivity
Definition of leg ulcer
Breach in skin between knee and ankle join present for over 4 weeks
