Stroke Flashcards
What can cause an ischaemic stroke
Artery atherosclerosis Cardioembolic (AF) Small artery occlusion (lacunar) Cryptogenic Carotid dissection
What can cause a haemorrhagic stroke?
Primary intracranial bleed
Subarachnoid bleed
Bleed leaks
4 stroke subtypes
TACS - total anterior circulation stroke
PACS - partial anterior circulation stroke
LACS - lacunar stroke
POCS - posterior circulation stroke
Modifiable risk factors for stroke
Hypertension
Atrial fibrillation
Non-modifiable
Age
Race
Family history
Investigation for stroke
Blood test - FBC, lipids ECG CT MRI carotid doppler
Treatment
Thrombolysis - Alteplase Stroke care unit Secondary prevention Aspirin Hemicraniectomy
Secondary prevention for stroke
Antiplatelets - Clopidogrel 75mg
Aspirin and dipyridamole
Statin
Blood pressure drugs - even if blood pressure normal
What is a stroke
Damage to part of brain due to blockage of blood vessel or haemorrhage causing sudden neurological deficit for more than 24 hours
Symptoms of stroke
Loss of power Loss of sensation Loss of speech Loss of vision Loss of coordination
Headache, vomiting, neck stiffness, photophobia, loss of consciousness, fit, incontinence
Which arteries cause anterior strokes
Carotid
Which arteries cause posterior strokes
Vertebral
Basilar
What is dysarthia
Loss of facial muscle control affecting speech
What is dysphasia
Loss of comprehension
