Cardiomyopathy, myocarditis and pericarditis Flashcards
Name the 4 types of myocardial disease
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Myocarditis
Name the 3 times of pericardial disease
Pericarditis
Pericardium effusion
Constrictive pericarditis
Aetiology of dilated cardiomyopathy
Ischaemic and valvular causes Genetics and family history Inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune disease Toxicity Injury
Symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy
Slow onset dyspnoea Fatigue Orthopnoea Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea Ankle swelling Weight gain Cough
Past medical history likely of dilated cardiomyopathy
Systemic illness Travel Hypertension Vascular disease Thyroid, Neuromuscular disease
Signs of dilated cardiomyopathy
Poor superficial perfusion Thready pulse Irregular pulse if AFR Raised JVP Displaced apex S3 and S4 sounds Mitral regurgitation murmur Pulmonary oedema Pleural effusion Ankle, sacral oedema, ascites hepatomegaly
Investigations for dilated cardiomyopathy
Repeated ECG CXR N terminal pro Brain Natriuetic Peptide Bloods Echo CMRI Coronary angiogram
Treatment
ACEI Diuretics Beta blockers Spironolactone Anticoagulants Sudden cardiac death risk assessment Cardiac transplant
Aetiology of restrictive cardiomyopathy
Familial Sarcoidosis Storage diseases Endomyocardial Radiation Drug effects
If genetic, what gene defect for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Sarcomore gene defect
Autosomal dominant
Symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Dyspnoea Palpitations Syncope Fatigue Chest pain
Signs of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Notched pulse pattern Irregular pulse Double impulse over apex Thrills and murmurs Murmur Raised JVP
Specific treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Beta blockers Verapamil Disopyrimide Anticoagulation Surgical septal ablation Intracardiac device
Pathology of myocarditis
Infiltration of inflammatory cells intro the myocardial layers, reduced function and heart failure, heart block as conduction system is involved and arrhythmias
Aetiology of pericarditis
Viral Bacterial Post MI Perforation Dissection of proximal aorta Neoplasia
