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Cardiovascular - exam style qs > Aneurysms and carotid disease > Flashcards

Aneurysms and carotid disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is aneurysm disease

A

Dilatation of all layers of the aorta, leading to an increase in diameter of over 50%

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2
Q

3 causes of aneurysm disease

A

Degenerative
Connective tissue disease
Infection

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3
Q

Risk factors

A 
Male
Age
Smoking
Hypertension
Family history
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4
Q

What size must the aortic aneurysm be to be considered for surgery

A

5.5cm

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5
Q

Symptoms if impending rupture

A

Back pain

Tender abdomen

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6
Q

Symptoms if ruptured aneurysm

A

Abdo/back/flank pain
Painful pulsatile mass
Haemodynamic instability
Hypoperfusion

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7
Q

Imaging for aneurysm

A

Ultrasound

CT

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8
Q

Two types of repair of aneurysm

A

Endovascular repair

Open repair

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9
Q

Technical complications of open repair

A 
Damage to bowel, ureters, veins, nerves
Incisional hernia
Graft infection
Distal emboli
Renal failure
Colonic ischaemia
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10
Q

Technical complications for endovascular repair

A

Endoleak
Femoral artery dissection
Damage to femoral vein/nerve
Distal emboli, ischaemia

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11
Q

Major risks for the patient for surgery of aneurysm

A

DVT/PE
MI
Stroke
Death

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12
Q

What is carotid disease

A

Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries

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13
Q

Causes of cerebral infarction, which cause stroke

A 
AF
Carotid atherosclerotic plaque rupture/thrombus
Endocarditis
MI
Carotid artery trauma/dissection
Drug abuse
Haematological disorder
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14
Q

3 things in Virchow’s triad (better know this by now)

A

Coaguability - WHAT’S IN THE BLOOD
Flow - HOW THE BLOOD MOVES
Vessel wall - WHAT THE BLOOD TOUCHES

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15
Q

Examination for carotid disease

A

Neurological - contralateral symptoms
Cardiac
Auscultate carotids

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16
Q

What does increased velocity at carotids indicate

A

Stenosis

17
Q

Best medical management for carotid disease

A 
Smoking cessation
Control of hypertension
Antiplatelet
Statin
Diabetic control
18
Q

What is the surgery called for carotid disease

A

Carotid endarterectomy - incision, plaque removed, repaired artery is closed

19
Q

Risks of carotid endarterectomy

A

Nerve damage
Perioperative stroke
Hypoperfusion

20
Q

Other options that are not carotid endarterectomy

A

Stenting

Best medical therapy

Cardiovascular - exam style qs (20 decks)

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