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cleft test 1 > Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD) > Flashcards

Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD) Flashcards

1
Q

what are resonance disorders

A
  • hypernasality
  • hyponasality
  • cul-de-sac
  • mixed
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2
Q

what are the characteristics of hypernasality

A
  • coupling of oral and nasal cavities during nonacid (oral) sounds
  • muffled due to damping effect (sound absorption) thru turbonates
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3
Q

what are the characteristics of hyponasality

A
  • reduced nasal resonance of nasal sounds due to blockage

- stuffed up

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4
Q

what are the characteristics of cul-de-sac

A
  • structural obstruction
  • muffled
  • potato-in-the-mouth
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5
Q

what are the characteristics of mixed resonance

A
  • combination of different sounds (usually hypo and hyper)
  • happens on different sounds
  • common in apraxia
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6
Q

what are other effects of VPD

A
  • nasal air emission
  • nasal grimace
  • weak or omitted consonants
  • short utterance length
  • altered rate and duration
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7
Q

describe nasal air emission

A
  • hear air out of nose because of VP not closing or fistula

- rustle due to vp leak or fistula on plosives, fricatives, affricates

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8
Q

describe nasal grimace

A
  • muscle contraction above nasal bridge in effort to achieve VP closure
  • compensatory to hopefully change nasality, but doesn’t work
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9
Q

describe weak or omitted consonants

A

-due to reduced air pressure in oral cavity

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10
Q

describe short utterance length

A

-frequent replacing of air pressure

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11
Q

describe altered rate and duration

A
  • longer time for utterances
  • longer voice onset time
  • sometime repeat utterances to make them more clear
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12
Q

what are compensatory articulation effects of VPD

A
  • middorsum palatal stop (aka palatal-dorsal)
  • backing
  • velar fricative
  • oral consonant nasalization
  • vowel nasalization
  • nasal snort
  • nasal sniff
  • pharyngeal (really backing)
  • posterior nasal fricative
  • glottal stop
  • /h/ for voiceless plosives
  • breathiness
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13
Q

can apraxia accompany VPD

A

yes and VPD accompanies cleft

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14
Q

T/F: micrognathia causes class 2 malocclusion

A

True

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15
Q

What are factors that impact VPI and speech

A
  • size of VP opening
  • inconsistency of VP closure
  • abnormal artic (compensatory artic)
  • Abnormal phonation (dysphonia)
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16
Q

What dysphonia characteristics are caused by VPD

A
  • breathy
  • hypernasal
  • hoarse
  • low intensity (loudness)
  • glottal fry
  • hyperfunctional (strain/strangle quality)
  • vocal nodules (caused because of hyper function VFs are pressing at a higher rate causing nodes)
17
Q

T/F: VPD is the specific description

A

False; VPD is general

18
Q

What are the more specific VPDs

A
  • VPInsufficiency
  • VPIncompetence
  • VP mislearning
19
Q

what is the difference between VPInsufficiency and VPIncompetence

A
  • VPInsufficiency deals with anatomy-structure

- VPIncompetence deals with physiology-movement

20
Q

What are examples of VPInsufficiency

A
  • cleft palate
  • short velum
  • deep pharynx
  • adenoid atrophy or irregularity (dents) or adenoidectomy (removal)
  • hypertrophic (palatine) tonsils or tonsillectomy
  • teeth malocclusion (class III) (bulldog)
  • oral cavity tumor
21
Q

what are examples of VPIncompetence

A
  • abnormal muscles insertion
  • hypotonia/poor pharyngeal wall mvmc
  • dysarthria, apraxia, neuromuscular disorders
  • CN defects (unilateral velar paralysis/paresis)
  • velar fatigue
22
Q

what are examples of VP misleading

A
  • faulty artic
  • artic compensation
  • bad speech habits (which can be broken)
  • hearing loss (kinda like cul-de-sac)
23
Q

T/F: adenoid issues cause more space and the velum can’t compensate to close space

A

true

24
Q

T/F: it is best in cleft kids to remove adenoids

A

False; rule is to not remove in cleft kids because it helps with VP closure

25
Q

Is a tonsillectomy rare

A

yes

26
Q

T/F: malocclusion changes anatomy

A

True: usually break jaw or move jaw

27
Q

Is class II malocclusion common

A

no not as common

cleft test 1 (7 decks)

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