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cleft test 1 > developmental deficits > Flashcards

developmental deficits Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different type of anomalies associated with cleft

A
  • dental
  • ent
  • language
  • cognition
  • psychosocial
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2
Q

describe normal dentition

A
  • Deciduous/primary: 20 teeth (10 maxillary arch, 10 mandibular arch), 29 months
  • Permanent: 32 teeth (16 each arch), from about 7-20 years
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3
Q

what is occlusion

A

teeth fit, bite

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4
Q

what are the different occlusions

A
  • class I occlusion: normal upper overlap
  • class I malocclusion: incorrect line (teeth don’t match or are rotated)
  • class II malocclusion: overbite more than 3 mm
  • class III malocclusion: underbite
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5
Q

what are the dental anomalies with clefts

A
  • missing teeth
  • supernumerary teeth
  • ectopic teeth
  • rotated teeth
  • crowding
  • crossbite
  • class III malocclusion
  • open bite
  • protruding premaxilla
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6
Q

describe how missing teeth causes issues

A

-primary cleft palate>lisp

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7
Q

describe how supernumerary teeth causes issues

A

extra teeth>alveolars, interdentals, lateral lisp

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8
Q

describe how ectopic teeth causes issues

A

erupt in abnormal position>abnormals, interdentals, lateral lisp

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9
Q

describe how rotated teeth causes issues

A

primary cleft palate>lateral lisp

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10
Q

describe how crowding causes issues

A

lateral lisp, frontal lisp

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11
Q

describe how crossbite causes issues

A

cleft lip and palate> sound distortions, frontal lisp, lateral lisp

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12
Q

describe how open bite causes issues

A

from missing teeth, finger/pacifier sucking, skeletal deformities> frontal lisp of fricatives, affricates; lateral lisp of sibilants

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13
Q

describe how protruding premaxilla causes issues

A

bilateral cleft lip and palate> distortion of sibilants, sub labiodentals for bilabials

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14
Q

what are speech problems associated with malocclusions

A
  • misarticulation/distortion of sounds
  • labioversion
  • linguoversion
  • teeth crowding/narrow maxillary arch/macroglossia
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15
Q

what are examples of misarticulated or distorted sounds associated with malocclusions

A
  • sibilants /s,z,sh,ch,j/
  • labiodentals /f,v/
  • alveolars /t,d,l,n/
  • bilabials /p,b,m/
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16
Q

what are examples of issues caused by labioversion associated with malocclusions

A
  • overjet=horizontal overlap of incisors (norm 2mm)
  • lip closure problems
  • bilabial sound distortion
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17
Q

what are examples of issues caused by linguoversion associated with malocclusions

A
  • underjet= upper incisors lingual to lowers

- distorts sibilants and alveolars

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18
Q

what are examples of issues caused by teeth crowding/narrow maxillary arch/macroglossia

A
  • lateral lisp: if opening is in line with cleft (air flows around)
  • frontal lisp: if maxillary central incisors missing
19
Q

What are ear anomalies

A
  • microtia
  • aural atresia
  • abnormal ossicle formation/fusion
  • otitis media
  • otic capsule abnormal development/ossification
20
Q

what is microtia

A

small, deformed pinna which can cause conductive hearing loss

21
Q

what is aural atresia

A

abnormal EAM and tympanic membrane which can cause conductive hearing loss

22
Q

what can abnormal ossicle formation/fusion cause

A

conductive hearing loss

23
Q

what is otitis media

A

malfunction of e-tube which can cause the tympanic membrane to rupture or can cause a conductive hearing loss
*cleft kids have a reoccurrence of this

24
Q

what can otic capsule abnormal development/ossification cause

A

-sensorineural hearing loss

25
Q

What are the nose anomalies

A
  • external deformities
  • abnormalities of nasal base
  • internal derangement
26
Q

what is an example of a external nose deformity

A

-facial cleft

27
Q

what are examples of abnormalities of nasal base

A
  • cleft lip

- cleft palate

28
Q

what are examples of internal derangement

A
  • deviated septum (cleft palate) which can cause hypo nasality or cup-de-sac resonance (septum deflects into cleft side of nose)
  • pyriform aperture stenosis= narrowed nares from overgrown maxilla (nostrils are narrow b/c of overgrown maxilla)
  • choanal stenosis/atresia= narrowed/blocked choanae which can cause death b/c of breathing issues

*mouth breathers might be dealing with stenosis

29
Q

What are face anomalies

A
  • maxilla

- facial nerve

30
Q

what are oral cavity anomalies

A
  • lips
  • mouth
  • tongue
  • palate
  • tonsils and adenoids
31
Q

what are throat/upper airway anomalies

A

-adenotonsillar/adenoid/tonsillar hypertrophy

32
Q

what are the psychosocial aspects of cleft

A
  • family issues
  • school issues
  • society issues
33
Q

what are examples of family issues in cleft kids

A
  • initial shock and adjustment

- cleft as chronic medical condition

34
Q

what are examples of school issues in cleft kids

A
  • knowledge and expectation of teachers
  • learning ability and performance
  • social interaction (early teens)
  • teasing
  • self-perception
35
Q

what are examples of society issues in cleft kids

A
  • physical attractiveness
  • speech quality
  • hearing impairment
  • stigma
  • behavioral issues
36
Q

What are the development factors in language deficits for cleft kids

A
  • IQ and brain structure
  • environmental stimulation
  • hearing
  • motivation
  • attention
  • A&P
37
Q

How is IQ and brain structure different for cleft kids

A
  • there is no difference in cleft versus normal for the rate of acquisition of all developmental milestones
  • cleft palate plus syndrome are at risk
38
Q

How is environmental stimulation different for cleft kids

A

-no difference between cleft and normal kids in development of language skills in language rich environment under age of 5

39
Q

How is hearing different for cleft kids

A

-cleft palate has a high risk of chronic otitis media which can cause conductive hearing loss

40
Q

How is motivation different for cleft kids

A
  • need and desire to learn skill
  • “motivation to talk”
  • cleft tend to revert to gestures (more than normal) b/c difficulty with speech production
41
Q

how is attention different for cleft kids

A
  • ADHD is 3-5% in children with clefts
  • no increase or more risk than normal
  • most craniofacial syndromes and neuro at risk
42
Q

how is A&P different for cleft kids

A
  • vocal tract
  • processes (resonation, respiration, phonation, arctic)
  • neuro function
43
Q

Describe the language development and learning in cleft kids

A
  • early deficits in cognitive development
  • prelanguage skills
  • lower expressive language
  • common in syndromes
44
Q

describe the phonological/articulation development

A
  • disrupted tactile-kinesthetic-auditory feedback loop (doesn’t develop good artic)
  • less vocalization
  • predominant nasals for orals; glottals for plosives
  • habitual compensatory productions
  • age of palate repair is factor
  • apraxia co-occurence is factor

cleft test 1 (7 decks)

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