A&P of orofacial structures and the VP Flashcards
What anatomy is included in the nose and nasal cavity
- nasal root
- nasal bridge
- nasal tip
- columella
- naris
- ala nasi
- septum (vomerbones, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, quadrangular cartilage)
- turbinates/concha
- choana
What anatomy is included in the upper lip
- philtrum
- philtral ridges
- cupid’s bow
- vermilion
- tubercle
what anatomy is included in the oral cavity
- hard palate
- velum
- tongue
- alveolar ridge
- faucial pillars
- (palatine) tonsils
- lingual tonsils
- oropharyngeal isthmus
what anatomy is included in the hard palate/ palatal vault
- alvelor ridge/alveolus
- mucoperiosteum
- rugae
- incisive papilla
- palatine raphe
- foveae palati
- premaxilla
- maxilla
- palatine bone
what is a foramen
a hole or opening in bone
what anatomy is included in the uvula
- mucosa
- glandilar tissue
- adipose
- vascular
what is the function of the uvula
none
what anatomy is included in the pharynx
- oropharynx
- nasopharynx
- hypopharynx
what is the function of the eustachian tube
it connects the middle ear with the pharynx
what anatomy is included in the velum
- oral surface (median palatine raphe)
- nasal surface
- anterior portion (tensor tendon, glandular tissue, adipose, palatine/velar aponeurosis)
what are the muscles of the VP
- levator veli palatini
- superior pharyngeal constrictor
- palatopharyngeus
- musculus uvulae
- tensor veli palatini
what does the elevator veil palatini do
velar elevation “sling”
what does the superior pharyngeal constrictor do
constricts pharyngeal walls to narrow vp against
what does the palatopharyngeus do
narrows pharynx
what does the muscles uvulae do
“bulges” for seal on nasal surface
what does the tensor veil palatini do
opens the E-tube
what is the motor innervation of the VP
- glossopharyngeal (IX)
- vagus (X)
- accessory (XI)
- trigeminal (V)
- facial (VII)
what is the sensory innervation of the VP
- vagus (X)
- glossopharyngeal (IX)
what are the physiological subsystems for speech
- respiration
- resonation
- prosody
- phonation
- articulation
what is the physiology of the VP
- velar mvmt
- lateral pharyngeal wall mvmt
- posterior pharyngeal wall mvmc
- passavant’s ridge
what is Passavant’s Ridge
shelf-like ridge of muscle projecting from posterior pharyngeal wall into pharynx
what are some factors that affect VP function
- lack of muscle bulk (esp. elevator)
- abnormal muscle insertion
- malposition of repaired muscle
- scar tissue (velum)
- less faucial pillar pressure
- short velum
- deep pharynx
what are growth and age changes in VP function
- facial bones continue growth into early adulthood
- pharynx: newborn 4 cm long, adult 20 cm long
- nasopharynx: infancy>adult= +80% volume
does VP function deteriorate as a factor of aging
no
what are the VP closure variations for normal speakers
- coronal
- sagittal
- circular
- circular with passavant’s ridge
what are the VP closure variations for the type of activity
- speech
- swallow
- gag
- vomit
what are the VP closure variations for timing
-vp must be completely closed BEFORE phonation begins
what are the aspects involved in VP closure variations
- normal speakers
- type of activity
- timing
- phonemes
- rate & fatigue
what are the VP closure variations for phonemes
- affected by tongue mvmc of co-articualted sounds
- greatest force on fricatives and consonant
what are the VP closure variations for rate and fatigue
increased speech rate and fatigue results in decreased closure force
