Vehicle Extrication Flashcards
According to NFPA 1670, _____________________ is defined as the removal of trapped victims from a vehicle or machinery.
Extrication
Should an accidental deployment occur, having body parts positioned through an open window could result in a serious injury. When reaching into the vehicle to remove or turn off the ignition, members should reach from behind the ____________________.
Steering hub
Which Presidential directive directs that all state & local governments & tribal entities adopt the National Incident Command System? (NIMS-ICS)
Homeland Security Presidential Directive -5 (HSPD-5)
Local emergency organizations should make sure that their command structure will interface with _________________ organizations in an emergency.
External
Three operating levels whose requirements are provided by NFPA 1006, Standard for Technical Rescuer Professional Qualifications.
Awareness
Operations
Technician
What is the difference between operations level and technician level extrication?
Technician level crew members must be able to perform all of the operations level skills on commercial or heavy vehicles.
Full-scene lighting equipment includes the following:
Portable generator
Cords
Lights
(Light) bulbs can ______________ if they come into contact with water.
Explode
Every year, approximately ______________ firefighters die on roadways as a result of being struck by vehicles while working in or near moving traffic.
6-8
Highway incident management procedures should reflect the Department of Transportation’s ______________________________________.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. (MUTCD)
In some area, where electrical power lines are buried instead of being suspended, vehicles may come to rest on top of the __________________________.
Electrical ground transformers
Air systems should meet ANSI/CGA G7.1 Commodity Specification for Air for ________________ air.
Grade D
What are the three operating zones that should be used at a vehicle extrication incident?
Restricted- or Hot Zone
Limited Access- Warm Zone
Support- Cold Zone
All personnel should wear appropriate reflective clothing, such as ANSI/ U. S. Department of Transportation (DOT) _________________ safety vests.
Class 3
______________________________ identifies the types of traffic control devices that should be used to establish work areas & identify incident scenes as well as the methods for deploying these devices.
The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)
On which side of the roadway should warning signs be placed?
On the incident side.
Roadway warning signs should be positioned no close than _______________from the roadway.
24 inches
When using traffic cones, a minimum of ___________ cones should be used.
6
The minimum level of care that should be provided during technical search & rescue operations is ___________________.
Basic Life Support (BLS)
Document that the IC may use on the fire ground to track units & record filed notes during an incident. Often used as the basis for the development of an Incident Action Plan (IAP).
Tactical Worksheet
What does the SMART acronym (incident objectives) stand for?
Specific Measurable Action- oriented Realistic Time frame
Standard size for helmet shields.
4-6”
Note the 6” shield is more desirable for extrication personnel because it covers a larger portion of the face.
Fuel tanks may contain less than _____________ or more than__________________.
15 gallons for passenger vehicles
500 gallons for large buses & heavy trucks
Hybrid/ electric vehicles. Depending on the type of vehicle, these systems may contain as much as __________ volts of DC current.
800
Most desirable method to shut down a hybrid/ electric vehicle.
Switch & key system
Type of glass that consists of 2 sheets of glass bonded to a sheet of plastic sandwiched between them.
Laminated safety glass
Type of glass most commonly used for side windows & some rear windows of passenger vehicles.
Tempered glass.
Note- tempered glass is designed to spread small fracture lines throughout the plate when struck.
Crushable bumpers may be made of ______________ foam molded into an egg crate structure covered by a flexible rubber shell.
Polystyrene
Some crushable bumpers may be made of synthetic rubber molded into a ____________ structure covered with a flexible shell.
Honeycomb
Crushable bumpers are not a hazard in a fire until ____________________.
The fire is out.
What chemical may “bead” up on a crushable bumper & have the appearance of water as the vehicle cools after a fire?
Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
Note- flush these bumpers with copious amounts of water to minimize the presence of HF.
Where are seat belt pretensioner pyrotechnic devices usually located?
Near the bottom of the B-Post at the base of the seat belt.
What are the suggested minimum safety zone distances for airbags?
Side impact & knee bolsters- 5”
Driver frontal airbags- 10”
Impact curtains that deploy down from the headliner- 12”- 18”
Passenger frontal airbags- 20”
___________________ electricity can cause airbag systems to deploy without an electrical source.
Static
Agency within the U.S.D.O.T. that publishes annual summary reports of fatal highway accidents.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Which airbag system uses 2 airbags. One is the normal size. The other is smaller & located inside the larger bag.
Dual-state System.
Front impact airbags deploy in ___________ seconds at speeds in excess of ________________.
0.5 seconds
200 MPH.
From impact airbags deploy with an inflating force of over ___________________.
3,000 PSI
Side impact airbags deploy in ________________ seconds.
0.1
The sound of airbag deployment is in the range of _______________ decibels.
165-175
Amount of time needed for reserve powers to drain from a vehicle (airbag/ electrical system application).
1 second to 30 minutes.
Note- The current average time is less than 5 minutes.
Passenger frontal inflators containing sodium azide reach temperatures in excess of ___________________.
1,200 F
In the chemical reaction that deploys an airbag, the sodium azide converts to sodium __________________, a highly alkaline powder that becomes ordinary lye when wet.
Hydroxide
Color of wires, tags, tape, or insulation often used to identify airbags.
Yellow
Head protection systems. (HPS) typically use compressed gas inflators. Inert gases such as argon or helium are used as a propellant & stored in steel or aluminum cylinders at pressures of _____________________ PSI.
2,500-4,000
Rollover Protection Systems (RPS). Pop up style roll systems typically activate under the following circumstances.
Vehicle exceeds
23 degrees from horizontal Lateral angle limit of 62 degrees Longitudinal angle of 72 degrees 3G acceleration force Weightless for at least 80 milliseconds.
Air ride systems may try to ____________ during extrication if the power is not interrupted by isolating the battery.
Auto-level
Approach vehicles from a __________ degree angle.
45
If both struts attached to a bumper explode simultaneously, they can launch the bumper and / or struts ____________ or more from the vehicle.
100’
Gas that under the charging pressure is partially liquid at ________ degrees Fahrenheit.
Liquified Compressed Gas (LPG).
Also known as Liquified Gas
If naturalness cylinders or propane cylinders are on fire, do not extinguish them until__________________________________.
Containers are cooled & valves & fuel sources can be turned off.
Electrically conductive clear liquids that have a slight gasoline odor. (Ethanol or methanol) burns bright blue & produces little smoke. Water soluble & do not react to standard firefighting methods. Use AR-AFFF to extinguish.
Alcohol/ Gasoline Blended Fuels
Natural gas that is stored in a vessel at pressures of _______________ PSI.
2,400-3,600
Use ________________ to extinguish a CNG fire.
Water or foam
Control a LNG fire by using ______________________ on the surface of the fire.
Purple K Dry Chemical agent or high expansion foam.
Note- It is not recommended to use water directly on to a LNG fire. When water is applied, it warms the liquid, increasing the amount of vapor production, therefore increasing the intensity of the fire. Unless lives or exposures are threatened, allow the fire to burn off all the fuel.
Third most common vehicle fuel type after gasoline & diesel.
Propane
LPG contains about _________ % propane with small concentrations of ethane, butane, propylene, & other gases.
90
Propane fuel fires may none allowed to self extinguish, but if extinguishment is necessary, use __________________ . Direct streams at the top of the tank to provide adequate cooling.
Foam & water
Describe hydrogen.
Colorless, odorless, non-toxic, & energy efficient.
Self ignition temperature- 550 F
Flammability range - 4-75%.
Flames may be invisible during the day.
Do not extinguish hydrogen fires. Protect exposures & allow it to burn itself off.
Describe Bio-Diesel fuels.
Yellow liquid with odor of cooking oil.
Non- toxic, biodegradable, sulfur free.
Slightly lighter than water?
Can be used in any vehicle designed to use diesel.
Combustion produces carbon monoxide & carbon dioxide along with thick smoke.
Use dry- chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray (fog) to extinguish.
Hybrid electric & and electric vehicle fires are fought much the same as _____________________ vehicle fires.
Conventionally fueled
Recommended extinguishing agents for specific battery types.
Lead-acid= Carbon dioxide, foam, or dry chemical
Nickel metal hydride= Class D extinguisher (Metal-X or similar)
Lithium-ion= Dry sand, sodium, chloride powder, graphite powder, or copper powder.
What is the size of a DOT HazMat placard.
10.8” squared.
DOT HazMat placards have a _______ digit identification number.
4
DOT HazMat placard colors.
Explosives- Orange Oxidizer/ Reactive- Yellow Flammable- Red Health Hazard (Poison, Corrosive)- White Water Reactive- Blue Nonflammable Gas- Green
On larger, more complex incidents, the IC should appoint an ____________________ to coordinate the operations of the various functional groups.
Operations Section Chief
Forms associated with the elements are as follows. What is the use for each form?
Tactical Worksheet- May be created on scene. AHJ may develop its own form.
ICS 201 Form- Incident briefing
ICS 202 Form- Incident objectives
ICS 203 Form- Organization
ICS 204 Form- Assignments
Support Materials- Site plans, access or traffic plans, locations of support activities.
ICS 208 Form or ICS 208H Form- Safety message
ICS 215A Form- Incident safety analysis
To restore normal traffic flow, personnel should remove______________________, all traffic control components.
In reverse order
_________________ rescue vehicles can be built on a 1-ton or 1 1/2 ton chassis. This vehicle resembles a multiple compartment utility truck.
Light
The 2 primary types of rescue vehicle chassis.
Commercial
Custom
The most common power source on emergency vehicles.
Generators
Apparatus engines- also known as power plants generally have 110 & 220 volt capabilities with capacities up to _________ kilowatts & greater.
50
Farm tractors are designed to operate the PTO shaft at either _____________________ revolutions per minute.
540 or 1,000
Apparatus scene light banks have capacities ranging from _______________ watts.
500-1,500
The winch is rated at its capacity when ___________________________________.
The first layer of cable is still on the drum.
Note- Winch & cable strength are strongest on the 1st wrap around the drum.
Winch danger zone.
Circle around the winch with a radius equal to the length of the cable or chain from the winch to the load.
Some A-Frames & Gin Poles have lifting capabilities in excess of ________ tons.
3
Gin poles & A- Frames are not designed to withstand ____________________ stress.
Lateral (sideways)
When gin poles or A-frames are used, do not exceed the rated weight the ________________________ is designed to carry.
Apparatus chassis
Some cranes have lifting capabilities of up to _________ tons or more.
18
Hydraulic cranes attached to heavy rescue units have 3 disadvantages.
Initial cost of the crane
Additional maintenance required
Loss of space for other tools because of the crane’s size
Two types of stabilizer systems. (For rescue apparatus.)
Hydraulic Manual (Resembles a screw type jack & are set by hand.)