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Parasit Final Crap > Vector mediated Apicomplexa > Flashcards

Vector mediated Apicomplexa Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatozoon species use what for definitive host and what for vectors?

A

blood feeding insects for both

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2
Q

What cell type does Hepatozoon species infect?

A

Leukocytes

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3
Q

How do animals become infected with Hepatozoon?

A

Ingesting the intermediate host

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4
Q

What is the species that causes American canine hepatozoonosis?

A

Hepatozoon americanum

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5
Q

What transmits Hepatozoon americanum?

A

Gulf coast tick

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6
Q

When dogs are the _____ for Hepatozoon americanum, they can become sick

A

intermediate host

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7
Q

What is the life cycle of Hepatozoon americanum in the tick?

A

Takes up gamonts via leukocyte ingestion

Sporulated oocysts develop in the tick

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8
Q

Describe the life cycle of Hepatozoon americanum in the dog

A

Infected via ingestion of the tick containing oocysts
Sporozoite infects macrophage; may reside in onion skin cysts
Merogony takes place in the cyst between muscle layers
Gametogony happens in monocytes

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs in a dog infected with Hepatozoon americanum?

A

Fever that is intermittent due to merozoite release –> local inflammation and systemic reaction
Myalgia, myasthenia, and are reluctant to move

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10
Q

How would you diagnose Hepatozoon americanum?

A

Muscle biopsy looking for cysts

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11
Q

T/F The best treatment for this is metronidazole

A

FALSE; this is something they will likely just have to learn to live with

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12
Q

What are the three important Piroplasms we need to know?

A

Babesia spp.
Theileria spp.
Cyatauxzoon spp.

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13
Q

What is a unique feature of Piroplasms?

A

Only asexual phase is seen in vertebrates

Sporozoites are injected with the tick bite

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14
Q

What is the definitive host of Babesia? How is it transmitted?What are the IH we are concerned with?

A

Ioxid tick
Tick bite
Dogs, cattle, and horses

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15
Q

What is the life cycle of Babesia?

A

Gametogony occurs within tick, innoculates host with sporozoites with bite.
Directly infects RBCs of host
Develop into prioplasms and replicate into merozoites
merozoites become gamonts, which are then ingested by the tick when feeding, and lifecycle restarts

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16
Q

Where is the one place Babesia motile zygotes can go to cause infections of eggs laid by the tick?

A

Ovaries

17
Q

T/F Mixed infections usually occur with Babsiosis and immunity is usually species specific

A

TRUE

18
Q

What are clinical signs that would be seen with Babesiosis?

A

Signs that are associated with the destruction of RBCs

19
Q

What are the two species that are associated with canine babesiosis?

A

Babesia canis vogeli

Babesia gibsoni

20
Q

What is Babesia gibsoni associated with?

A

Dog fighting

21
Q

How would you diagnose babesiosis in dogs? What is the treatment?

A

Do a blood smear to detect parasites in the RBCs
Supportive care, but generally recover from acute stage
Can treat with Imidocarb diproprionate

22
Q

What species cause bovine babesiosis?

A

Babesia bigemina

Babesia bovis

23
Q

T/F Babesiosis is a concern for veterinarians in the US

A

FALSE; has been eradictated due to cattle dipping. Have killed off the tick that spreads it

24
Q

T/F Babesiosis infection has been eradicated from the world

A

FALSE; it is still present in Mexico

25
Q

What causes equine babesiosis?

A

Babesia caballi

Theileria equi

26
Q

What is special about Theileria equi?

A

No transovarial transmission in ticks

Schizonts go to lymphocytes first, then go to RBCs

27
Q

Where is equine babesiosis endemic?

A

TRopical and subtropical areas

28
Q

T/F equine babesiosis used to be endemic in Texas, but it has been eradicated

A

FALSE; used to be endemic in FLORIDA. GOTCHA BITCH

29
Q

How would you diagnose equine babesiosis?

A

Blood smear that demonstrates parasites in the RBCs

30
Q

_____ is a disease of domestic cats in the US that results in rapid onset with a high fatality

A

Cytauxzoon felis

31
Q

What is the lifecycle of Cytauxzoon felis?

A

Sporozoites are innoculated via tick bite
Schizogony occurs in macrophages throughout the body
Merozoites develop in RBCs

32
Q

What are considered to be resevoir hosts for Cytauxzoon felis?

A

Bobcats

33
Q

Cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats is seen with what history?

A

outdoor exposure during tick season

34
Q

What are some lesions seen with Cytauxzoonosis in cats?

A

Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and enlarged LNs

35
Q

How would you diagnose Cytauxzoonosis?

A

Blood smear to demonstrate parasites in the RBC

Usually only see one organism per RBC

36
Q

T/F There has been no treatment shown to be effective against Cytauxsoonosis?

A

TRUE

Parasit Final Crap (5 decks)

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